470 
Foot-and-Mouth Disease. 
Local treatment of the utlder will be necessary, in addition to- 
the other means which have already been recommended. 
When swelling and pain are present, fomentations must be 
frequently employed for some days until the active disease has 
subsided. All astringent and styptic applications at this time 
are to be avoided, as likely to increase the excitement. 
If no active irritation present itself, or otherwise if the in- 
flammatory signs have been subdued by soothing treatment, 
mild astringent applications are useful. Thus, when the vesicles 
first appear on the teats or other parts of the udder, the applica- 
tion of the alum-wash, composed of one ounce of alum to a quart 
of water, will lessen the tendency which always exists to the 
separation of the cuticular tissues from the vascular membrane 
beneath, and at the same time diminish the irritation. Some 
benefit will also be expected to arise from the antiseptic proper- 
ties of the solution. Carbolic acid has been used for this pur- 
pose, but dairymen object to it on the ground that it imparts a 
smell and flavour to the milk — a property which is, in reality, 
on sanitary grounds, altogether in favour of its use, as the fluid 
would thereby be prevented from coming into consumption. 
One other point must be sedulously attended to in all cases 
where the udder is affected, no matter to what extent ; the 
animal must be regularly and effectually milked ; retention of 
this fluid in the gland is certain to add very seriously to the 
amount of mischief which is going on, and there is good reason 
to apprehend that much harm is constantly done by neglecting 
this precaution. Owing to the tenderness of the udder the 
cow naturally resists the attempt to remove the milk, and the 
attendant, under the circumstances, is not disinclined to escape 
a troublesome work, or, at best, to perform it so imperfectly, that 
it might as well have been left undone. It cannot be expected 
that the owner of the sick animals will be able to superintend 
all the important details of treatment on which success depends ; 
and it is usually the case that any ill consequences, which are 
due to early neglect of simple remedies, are attributed to the 
virulence of the disease. 
Separation of the epithelial tissues of the mouth and tongue 
in cases of eczema is not of so much importance as separation of 
the horn tissue, and therefore need not be so carefully guarded 
against. When the affection exists in the mitigated form which 
it usually assumes, the mouth requires no attention, and in the 
worst cases nothing more powerful than a solution of tannic acid, 
in the proportion of one ounce to a gallon of water, will be 
required. This solution may be used as a lotion twice a day, 
when the loss of epithelium is considerable, and tlie soreness of 
the mouth consequently extreme. About half a pint of the 
