Foot-and- Mouth Disease. 
481 
to pigs ; all the manure and sweeping of the sheds should be 
mixed with quick-lime, and a solution of some disinfectant, as 
carbolic acid, one part to fifty of water, or common alum-water, 
may be used to wash the mouth, nostrils, udder, and feet of the 
sick animals, and thus destroy the virus at its source. 
When cattle are on the pastures it is difficult to apply these 
measures effectively, but even under such unfavourable con- 
ditions the disinfecting solutions may be employed to disinfect 
the manure in the field, and also may be applied to the parts 
of animals whence discharges issue by means of a syringe when 
close approach to the animals is not possible. 
In this country it is not easy to compel the disinfection of the 
attendants on sick cattle, who do often more mischief than the 
animals themselves ; but the farmer who is anxious to limit 
the spread of the malady should be alive to the importance of 
avoiding this source of danger if possible ; and if, in carrying 
out the necessary precautions, he can, by exhortation or entreaty, 
cause the attendants to wash their hands in a little alum-water, 
and tread in some lime every time they leave the sick cattle, or 
the places in which they are kept, he will have the satisfaction 
of knowing that he has done good in more ways than one. 
Active legislative measures in respect of foot-and-mouth dis- 
ease will most probably in future be confined to regulating the 
movement of diseased animals on public roads, the careful 
watching of fairs and markets, the disinfection of pens and 
places in which diseased animals have been kept for sale or 
during transit, and the application of stringent restrictions to 
imported animals. The management of the disease among home 
stock will, therefore, devolve on the farmer, who may, if he 
chooses, effect far more than ever could be done by oppressive 
enactments which cannot be enforced. 
Agricultural Societies and Chambers of A griculture might do 
good service by recommending, and, as far as their influence 
extends, ensuring the adoption of precautions against the intro- 
duction of foot-and-mouth disease, and the control of its exten- 
sion where it has appeared. 
First in importance among sanitary regulations is the separa- 
tion of newly purchased stock from the stock on the farm for 
several days. Next, in the event of disease appearing, it should 
be a'special object with the owner of the infected herd to confine 
the affection to his own premises, and then to decide whether 
he will endeavour to arrest its spread, or assist it by inoculation. 
Prevention is possible where facilities exist for isolation of sick 
animals, and the frequent and extensive use of disinfectants. In 
some instances where foot-and-mouth disease has appeared in 
cowsheds, the constant use of sawdust saturated with carbolic 
