Report of the Trials of Plourjlis, Ilarroics, SfV., at Hall. 539 
gain is due to the second furrow being deposited with less 
friction than if it came upon an already settled surface. It 
would have been easy to have removed the second plough-body 
and tested the draft of the first furrow only, also to have removed 
the friction-wheel ; but, as we stated above, the Judges had no 
sinecure to get through the necessary trials.* Owing to the hard 
condition of the ground, four horses Avere required to turn two 
G-inch furrows. Mr. Murray, of Banff, employed two very 
powerful cross-bred oxen, and these were able at a greatly 
reduced speed to move as much soil as three or even four strong 
horses. In reality, however, they executed much the same force 
as two horses, since their rate of progress was only about half as 
fast. The mean of several observations showing the rate of pro- 
gression to be for the oxen 1"38 feet per second, and for the 
horses 2 "63 feet per second. The oxen worked very steadily ; 
instead of overcoming resistance by a series of jumps forward, they 
applied their whole weight upon the collar, and gradually the 
force thus applied overcame the resistance. It will be seen by 
the table that two horses actually travelled more than five times as 
fast, the load being very light. The three horses were put to 
the same work as the bullocks. These experiments were made 
start. 
Flnisli. 
Time. 
Stops. 
Actual Time. 
Distance. 
Velocity. 
Team. 
3 46 20 
H. 
3 
56 
20 
lb 
0 
3 30 
6 30 
Yards. 
160 
Feet per Second. 
1-231 
2 oxen. 
3 57 0 
4 
3 
30 
6 
30 
1 50 
4 40 
> > 
1 
71 
> » 
4 22 0 
4 
28 
0 
6 
0 
None 
6 0 
y » 
1 
33 
4 40 0 
4 
46 
20 
6 
20 
None 
C 20 
> ) 
1 
26 
4 29 0 
4 
35 
10 
6 
10 
0 20 
5 50 
) > 
1 
37 
Mean 
rate . . 
1 
38 
4 15 10 
4 
16 
20 
1 
10 
None 
1 10 
6 
86 
2 horses. 
5 10 
5 
4 
25 
3 
25 
None 
3 25 
2 
34 
3 horses. 
5 5 25 
5 
8 
50 
3 
25 
1 0 
2 25 
I > 
3 
30 
5 1 50 
5 
8 
20 
3 
30 
None 
3 30 
2 
27 
Mean rate 
2 
63 
by Mr. Anderson, C.E., and will be read with interest, because 
they go far to show why it is that bullock labour has been 
* One of the Judges remarks, " But most likely from the friction heing reduced 
to a minimum mainly by the plough being, to a great extent, suspended by the 
more recent improvements." 
