Report of the Trials of Ploughs, Harrotvs, Sfc, at Hall. 553 
was rather rough. The price, 14?., includes cast-steel shares and mouldboards. 
Considering the amount of wrought iron and steel, this is not out of the way. 
Snowden. No, 1181. — Here we have wrought-iron beams 1 inch by 2i 
inches, with the same lifting apparatus and angular friction-wheel as in No. 
1180. The beams are adjustable from 7 inches to 12 inches by a strong 
bolt in the centre and 2 nuts working in slots at either end. The land 
wheel during work was well forward, consequently the plough travelled 
steadily. The wheels are fitted with removable bushes, costing 9c?. each, 
which save the naves of the wheels from wearing out. This implement was 
less rigid than that with a w-ooden beam, and the engineer found that it 
sprang considerably. Neither plough has a slade. The friction-wheel is 
altered by a rack behind the plough raising 3 inches. The beams are not 
well constructed. 
The other makers who competed produced implements made 
in the same manner as those of theirs already described, only 
stronger. Messrs. Murray, Ball, and Snowden were drawn out 
for a second trial, the particulars of which are recorded in 
Table II, facing p. 539. 
The work by Ball's plough was very good in both classes ; but 
the Judges considered that its having no mechanical appliances 
for relieving the plough was an objectionable feature, especially 
in the heavier implement. The First Prize of lOZ. was awarded 
to G. W. Murray and Co., Banff, N.B., for Article No. 3502 ; 
and the Second Prize of 5/. to J. D. Snowden, Doncaster, for 
article No. 1181. 
There were no entries in Class 7 for multiple-furrow ploughs. 
Judging by the power required to draw double-furrow ploughs 
in land like that of the trial grounds at Hull, it is evident that 
any further complication would render the implement cumber- 
some and unwieldy. Multiple-furrow ploughing belongs to 
steam cultivation, and only by such a power can such imple- 
ments be economically driven. 
The Judges were quite of one mind as to the inutility of con- 
tinuing prizes for subsoiling implements by horse-power, at any 
rate as regards Classes 8 and 9. It is quite true, as we trust 
will be seen by the annexed reports, that several ingenious 
arrangements for combining subsoiling and ploughing in the 
same implement were shown ; but if the operation be ever so 
desirable, the great power required to effect really good work 
makes it far too expensive to be pursued. With steam the case 
is different, as it gives abundance of power ; and by reducing the 
area worked at one time, the implement can be driven through 
the soil at a pace that produces most beneficial results. In each 
of the following classes bearing upon subsoil ploughs, the Judges 
found sufficient merit to justify an award ; but at the same time 
they recommended that such work, if necessary at all, should be 
carried out by steam-power. 
