554 Report of the Trials of Ploughs, Harrows, ^r., at Hull. 
Class 8.— Best Subsoil Plough to follow an ordinary 
Plough, and work from 6 to 12 inches below the 
furrow bottom. 
Messrs. Ball, Bentall, and Murray entered in this class. Owing 
to the unfavourable condition of tlie land, the trial taking place 
in No. 5, the strongest field of all, W. Ball and Son withdrew 
their implement (No. 1485), which was evidently unsuited for 
such work. It consisted of an ordinary ridging plough, from 
which the breasts had been removed. The sock could be fitted 
J,, with shares of different widths, varying from 
^' ■ 4 to 8 inches, flat under and slightly cone- 
shaped on the top (Fig. 33). The beam carried 
a single wheel in front running in the furrow. 
Murray. No. 3503. — The beam in this implement is very strong, carrying 
a double tine, acted upon by a leverage similar to that employed for the heavier 
double filough in Class 6, only a spring is substituted for the wedge. When 
out of work and turning, both central wheels are level ; when in work, the 
furrow-wheel rises to suit the bottom by a slot in the wheel-arm, and the depth 
is regidated by a slot on the axle. It was first tried with the two tines, but, 
though six horses were attached, it would not work ; it did better with one tine. 
The subsoil-tines are fitted with steel points, 3 inches wide. A furrow was 
opened with one of Ball's single-furrow ploughs ; this was 4 inches deep. The 
average of moved soil, taken in five places, was 4^ inches. Price of imple- 
ment, 8?. 17s. Old. As will be seen from the plan and elevation (Fig. 35), the 
framework is steadied by travelling on four wheels. The front wheels both 
travel in the furrow ; the central ones are only level when the subsoil is out of 
the ground and the implement is being turned at the headland. The object of 
the four wheels is to steady the subsoiler in work and prevent a severe shock to 
the ploughman in case the tine comes in contact with a stone. The tine or tines 
are fixed in the slot-holes of a short beam, and can be regulated in the said slots 
to any required depth (see Fig. 34). This tine-beam has a stud fixed near either 
end, and upon these studs two links connect it to the main beam of the plough 
in front and to a turning-stud, from which is a lever, one end 
X ig. c)4. extending back to the ploughman's hand and the other to the 
landwheel; and to the other end of the turning-stud is a shift- 
ing crank, to which the back-furrow wheel is attached, a slot 
in the crank allowing the wheel to be set to suit any depth of 
furrow. When the plough comes to the end or to any obstruc- 
tion and requires to be raised, the ploughman lifts the lever 
into the position shown by the dotted line in the elevation 
(Fig. 35) ; the tines are raised up and thrown back, and the 
wheels are brought down level in consequence of the crank 
to which they are attached being of different lengths. The 
depth can be regulated a matter of three inches by altering 
the position of the lever-handle, and further adjustment can 
Qbe made by altering the tines, as described. Owing to the 
extreme hardness of the subsoil in Field No. 5, it was found 
necessary to remove one of the tines. After this the work 
appeared successful as far as horse-power was capable of 
showing its merits, when, unfortunately for Mr. Murray, tlie 
spring which holds the catch in the notch broke, and further trial was iireventcd. 
