556 Report of the Trials of Plovghs, Harroios, at Hull. 
behind, the former 2 inches in width and the latter covering 6 inches ; and on 
each side of the body, in addition, there are two transverse cutters, which are 
removable. The length of the body is 3 feet 5 inches. There is one wheel in 
front under the beam. The great length of the beam renders it very difficult 
to steer. The work done was good, the power not unusually great. Average 
Fig. 36. — Btrd's-ei/e view of Body and Cutters of BentaU's Subsoil 
Plough, No. 398. 
Tj; — TJ — ^ 
a. Cast-iron buily. b. Puint. c. \X\n% below. d d d d. Transverse cutters. 
depth moved, ascertained by three measurements, was 6i inches. It is quite 
evident that operations of this nature are unsuitable for horse-drawn imple- 
ments, and, if necessary at all, are only exceptionally required. In those cases 
steam is the proper power, and indeed the only power capable of doing really 
efficient work, so that the policy of continuing these prizes is doubtful. 
Of the two implements tried, Bentall's was much cheaper, 
costing 51. 5s., and, notwithstanding the excessive labour required 
to keep it in its place (see Table III., p. 560), which would be 
reduced considerably by the addition of a second wheel in front,, 
it made good work, was strong and simple in construction, and 
was therefore awarded the prize. 
Class 9. — Best Arrangement of Subsoiler attached to 
a single-rurkow plough, for ploughing and subsoil- 
iNG AT ONE Operation. 
Four entries — viz. Ball, Corbett and Peele, Mellard (Trent 
Foundry), and Murray. 
Ball arid Son. No. 14C8, price 71. — The subsoil-beam is attached to the 
centre of the jilough-beam, and terminates in a handle between the stilts, and 
thus the tines, either single or double (shown in Figs. 37 and 38), follow 
the plough. A catch between the stilts on a cross-plate keeps the tines in 
work, or supports the subsoil-beam, when it is desirable to have it up at the 
land's-end. The tines are capable of working from 4 to 6 inches deep. These 
implements were tried on the vetch stubble in Field No. 1, where the con- 
dition of the soil was more favourable than in Field No. 5. At first the 
double-tine was used, but the power required was so considerable, that the 
single tine, carrying a 5-incli share, was substituted and made good work. 
The plough was fitted with a digging-breast. The subsoil-shares vary iu 
width from 3 to 5 inches. The total depth, ascertained by several measure- 
ments, was about llj inches, of which the furrow was 5j inches, and the soil 
broken up by the subsoiler fully G inches. The work done was very good, 
but as the tine follows the plough, the horses, unless they are driven singly on 
the land, must trample upon the work and undo much of the advantage gained- 
by the disturbance. This is a serious defect, yet those implements in which 
the subsoil part preceded the plough were so defective in balance and so top- 
heavy, that the tail of the plough could not be ke^jt into the work. Indeed, 
