Report of the Trials of Ploughs, Harrows, Sfc, at Hull. 579 
Class 16. — Miscellaneous: for the Best Plough not 
qualified to compete in any of the foregoing 
Classes. 
Only one implement out of three entered came to trial, that of 
Murray and Co. (No. 3508). The object of this implement wa>s 
to effect a description of trench-ploughing, throwing manure, &c., 
with from 2 to 4 inches of the surface soil into the trench made by 
the previous furrow, and turning another furrow on the top of it. 
The implement was so unsteady, and the work so irregular, that 
the Judges stopped the trial and withheld the prize. 
Section 2. Harrows. — Classes 17-19. 
In the ten classes under this section, there were no fewer than 
seventy-one entries ; several, however, did not come to trial. 
The fallow portion of Field No. 1 was set apart for harrows, 
cultivators, and rollers. No dynamometer tests were applied, the 
difference in quality of work and mechanism being considered 
rather than draught, which could not vary much, and was so 
inconsiderable as to be difficult to register. With one excep- 
tion, that of the Second Prize in Class 19 (Chisel Harrows), 
V-shaped teeth were employed in every prize implement, and 
it does not require much demonstration to show the correctness 
of this form. The object of harrowing, pure and simple, is 
either to break up lumps of soil already on, or near the surface, 
or to bury seed placed in the soil. In either case the wedge- 
shaped face of the V-tooth will insinuate itself more readily 
into the centre of a clod, and Avith less consumption of power 
than a square surface. The form of the frame and the method 
of attaching the teeth varied considerably. In the majority of 
cases the zigzag pattern first made by Messrs. Saunders and 
Williams, of Bedford, was adhered to. Probably there is no 
better, because, owing to the distribution of weight equally 
over the whole surface, each tine presses on the ground with 
uniform weight ; and secondly, because the heads of the teeth 
are made to hold together the bars of the framework. I con- 
fess a great liking theoretically for the arrangement first 
patented by Seaman, and now used by Larkworthy and others. 
The principal feature in this arrangement consists in the zigzag 
beams being held in place by hollow tubes, with collars througli 
which and the teeth a ^-inch rod passes, terminating in a bolt- 
head on one side, and a nut on the other. The teeth are made 
with shoulder pieces above and below, which clip the beams, and 
are held in place by the rod. There is great simplicity in this 
arrangement, and each section of the harrows is held by 5 nuts 
VOL. IX. — S. S. 2 Q 
