582 Report of the Trials of Ploughs, Harroios, ^-c, at Hull. 
the top further completing the attachment. It is evident that should the nut 
shake off, as is not unfrequently the case, there is still the thread in the 
upper beam to depend upon. The price is rather high, viz. 51. 15s. 
Benjamin Reid and Co., of the Bon Accord Works, Aberdeen, gained the 
second prize for heavy harrows (No. 2944). The peculiarity of the " Challenge " 
harrows consists in their being worked either rigid or jointed, to suit in- 
equalities of surface, ridges, &c. The beams are made in joints, and the pin 
connecting these joints serves at once as hinge and also as holder for the tines. 
This will be better understood by reference to the illustration, which shows a 
portion of the frame in a jointed condition, a shows the wedge ; h, the recesses 
or slots on the edge of the tine. Nos. 1 and 2 teeth are shown rigid, the others 
are loose. 
The pin is of steel, and the half of its diameter projects into the recess into 
which the tine is placed. Thus in Fig. 84, r is 
Fig. 84. the recess, p is the pin, the half shown by the 
shaded lines projecting into the recess. The 
tines are made with recesses or slots on the 
edge to fit on to this half of the pin, and when 
the wedge is driven up tight on the other side 
r p of the tine, between it and the recess in the 
joint, the tine is held tightly in position. 
There are, as will be seen, a number of slots or notches on the edge of the 
tines, so that the position of the tines in reference to the frame can be altered 
at pleasure. Tn each joint or hinge, besides the hole for the hinge pin, there 
is another hole, and by passing a holt or pin through these holes the beams 
are made rigid, and the jointed character entirely done away with. It will 
be seen by Fig. 83 that the two right-hand tines marked 1 and 2 are kept 
in a vertical position, owing to the bolts making the beams rigid, whilst the 
next two are flexible by the bolts being removed. There is much ingenuity 
in this novel arrangement. 1"he harrow worked very well, and proved its 
suitableness for unlevel surfaces. 
The distinction between a harrow and cultivator is difficult to 
define. Formerly it was held that every tool with curved tines 
was a cultivator, and this was a tolerably sound definition, for 
it is quite clear that a curved tooth is meant to enter the soil 
and deal with matter beneath the surface. Now, however, the 
Chisel and Duck-tooth Harrows, though coming within the list 
of cultivators, according to the above definition, are classed as 
harrows. " A rose by any other name would be as sweet," and, 
