590 Report of the Trials of Ploughs, Harrows, &fc., at Hull. 
Messrs. W. Crosslcill and Sons were highly commended for article No. 438, a 
30-iiich open EoUer, covering 6 feet, and costing 18Z. The cylinder is made 
in seven sections. The outside section has bevelled edges to prevent the land 
being disturbed when turning. The wooden frame is braced with angle-iron, 
Fig. 91. — Braces of Messrs. CrossMlVs Boiler, with Box for Tools.* 
with a box in the centre forming a receptacle for tools (Fig. 91). The 
standard is arranged so as to keep the weight from off the horse's back. 
Clod-crushers. 
The Judges expressed a decided opinion in favour of serrated 
over fluted discs. The former broke the clod, whilst the latter 
frequently pressed it unbroken into the loose soil. 
The machines made by the Beverley Iron and Waggon Com- 
pany and by Messrs. Crosskill and Sons, of Beverley, differ only 
in detail. The former have, however, some points of construction 
that entitle them to the first place. 
Article No. 1388, which received the First Prize, consists of a series of 
alternate discs hung loosely on the axle, 30 and 33 inches diameter ; the 
central holes in the larger discs are correspondingly increased, so that the discs 
are level on the ground. The flanges of the larger discs completely cover 
the bushes of the smaller ones. The advantage of this arrangement is mani- 
fest ; dirt cannot get into the shaft, and the discs are not subject to the same 
amount of side- wear at the bosses as was the case formerly. The outer sur- 
face of each disc is serrated, the pitch of the teeth being sharp; it also has a 
series of teeth projecting sideways, which act perpendicularly in breaking clods, 
and in the case of the smaller discs also act as cleaners. The cast-iron sup- 
ports for the frame are so made that the back one being thrown more from the 
centre, acts as a counterpoise to the weight of the frame and shafts, and tends 
to relieve the weight on the shaft-horse's back, which is further secured hy 
the position of the driver's seat. The side horses draw direct from the axles. 
The bushes of the travelling-wheels are necessary to fill up the space 
between the arms and the linch-pins when the implement is in work ; they 
cannot be thrown about and lost, as was the case not unfrequently when their 
only use was when the wheels were on for travelling. The illustrations (Figs. 
92 and 93) will show the arrangement of the alternate discs, the loose position 
of the larger discs on the axle, the bush of the travelling-wheels, the driver's 
seat, and the arrangement of bracket to secure counterpoise. 
♦ The box is erroneously shown on one side instead of in the centre. — Ed. 
