Rej)ort of the Trials of Ploughs, Harrotrs, §-c., at Hull. 605 
was strong, in doing similar work, than at Barnhurst, where 
the soil was comparatively light : — 
Implement. 
No. of Field. 
Ft.-lbs. per lb. of 
soil moved. 
No. 1 
12-08 
Do. 
13-5 
Do. 
17-3 
Do. 
15-45 
Do. 
16-45 
Do. 
16-38 
No. 4 
13-87 
Do. 
15- 
No. 1 
9-30 
Do. 
9-58 
These figures may be considered as heights in feet to which 
every pound of earth moved should be raised in order to represent 
the work done. The only discrepancy in the above appears in 
the trial of single-wheel ploughs in fields Nos. 1 and 4. We 
should have expected exactly opposite results, since the soil in 
No. 1 was the lightest.* However, taken as they stand, without 
attempting to explain this anomaly, these figures are very 
significant of the relative advantages of double and single- 
furrow wheel-ploughs, and of wheel and swing-ploughs. If we 
compare, for example, the lighter double-furrow and the single- 
wheel plough in No. 1 field, the difference in favour of the 
double-furrow plough is as nearly as possible twenty-five per 
cent., and we are inclined to regard this as correct, since it is 
confirmed by some experiments at the Caistor ploughing match 
on the Lincolnshire Wolds in 1871, which gave — 
The average of the three best double-furrow ploughs ,. 10-6 ft.-lbs. 
The best single- wheel plough on the ground 14-91 „ 
* In reference to tlie above, Mr. W. E. Rich, who looked after the working of 
the dynamometer, offers the following explanation, he say.s : " I believe the fact 
of the ft.-lbs. of work per lb. of earth moved being larger in No. 1 field, on vetch 
stubble, than in No. 4 field, very hard second year's seeds, which does at first 
sight seem strange, may be satisfactorily accounted for. In No. 4 field, which 
was cracked and very hard-baked by the sun, the occasional draught on the 
ploughs was extremely severe, but was never long continued, and was nearly 
always succeeded by very light draught, as the obstructive mass of earth gave 
way, and broke out in large brittle flakes, sometimes one foot long; we noticed 
this in No. 4 field very much. The dynamometer disc was constantly jumping 
backwards and forwards with the variation of load from very heavy to very light 
draughts; the result, however, proved always that tlie mean draught was less 
than in No. 1 field. If I am right in my opinion, a plough is more liable to fracture, 
and the horses have to submit to more jerking and occasional very heavy draught 
in a field baked dry and hard witli sun-cracks, than in a milder and moister clay 
soil; but tlie actual work done by the horses in the dry hard field will be less 
than the soft one — in the one it is ploughing glass, and in the other india- 
rubber." 
