6 Foot-and-Mouth Disease : its History and Teachings. 
many miles distant, and thus unwittingly become a means of 
disseminating the infection." It happened in the case of the 
outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease in the City, that a possible 
channel for the conveyance of the infective matter was re- 
cognized. A few days before the disease appeared, a butcher, 
who had premises at Deptford, visited the City dairy and 
endeavoured to arrange for the purchase of a fat cow. Further, 
it appears that the state of the diseased animals in that dairy 
proved that the infective matter must have been introduced some 
time previously to the discovery of the disease. Great quantities 
of the virus were generated in Deptford Market, for, at the time 
of the importation of the diseased cattle, the lairs happened to 
be so overcrowded that no opportunity was afforded for effectual 
disinfection of the places contaminated by the disease. 
An outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease was once known to 
occur on the premises of a butcher in the town of Deptford, 
which was traced to the circumstance of his pigs having eaten 
the intestines of diseased sheep, which had been killed in the 
Deptford Foreign Cattle Market. Then there is a vehicle of 
transmission of contagion by means of hides, nominally dis- 
infected, but not always absolutely safe. In 1881, Mr. James P. 
Heath, Veterinary Inspector for the County of Devon, adduced 
facts proving the conveyance of the disease by hides. Another 
medium for the introduction of the disease consists in the 
removal of timber fittings and pens from cattle-carrying vessels, 
which are often sold to carpenters and others in this country ; 
then, again, the manure out of such vessels is a still more 
likely medium for the spread of contagion. 
Foot-and-mouth disease was carried over the border into 
Scotland in March 1882, after that division of the kingdom 
had enjoyed total immunity since 1878. A second introduction 
occurred early in 1883, brought by cattle directly from Ireland, 
where the disease had gained a footing. 
The evidence gathered at the time showed conclusively that 
Ireland, which had for a very long period been perfectly clear of 
the disease, was infected by a bull imported by Lord Carbery from 
Westmoreland, and shipped at Liverpool. It would be a most 
singular coincidence that the contagion entered Ireland simulta- 
neously with the bull, but was conveyed in the dress of drovers, 
who had been attending markets in affected districts of Lanca- 
shire ; this, however, was the official theory, but it must be remem- 
bered that the same drovers had been constantly going backward 
and forward. It may be admitted that the bull had not contracted 
disease in his native country, as he was purchased of the Rev. F, 
Staniforth, of Storr's Hall, Westmoreland, and no foot-and-mouth 
disease had been known in the neighbourhood for years ; nor at 
