10 Foot-and-Moutk Disease : its History and Teachings, 
business from years of prolonged but ineffective restrictions was 
incalculable ; the effect had been only to delay the progress, 
not really to stay the march of the contagion. That a better 
system of repression is requisite for the sanitary protection 
of our herds and flocks, than was enforced during the last 
outbreak, is palpable. The havoc caused, in its indirect and 
secondary consequences, may be multiplied from the opposite 
totals (page 11). 
This record of an unbroken series of 27,^)33 outbreaks of 
foot-and-mouth disease, during which 335,766 cattle, 359,812 
sheep, and 36,972 pigs were attacked before the malady was 
mastered, or rather before it subsided ; and which, for the 
larger period of the four years' period, involved untold damage to 
business transactions from the difficulties of exporting pedigree 
animals, and from the absence of free buying and selling in 
most parts of the kingdom, completely destroyed the credit of 
such sanitary rules as prevailed, and produced the indelible 
impression that stock-owners would be better without the trouble- 
some regime derived from the powers of the Act of 1878. For if 
so protracted and disastrous a visitation had followed from one 
single importation of the contagion (viz., into Deptford at the 
end of September 1880), and its escape inland, then, in future, 
no matter how carefully appointed might be our safeguard 
against another arrival of the disease from abroad, it would be 
hopeless to expect the disease to be confined within harmless 
limits with the existing apparatus of Orders administered by 
diverse Local Authorities, and, moreover, at the expense of the 
districts concerned. 
The measures of prevention which had so grievously failed, 
consisted at first in declaring infected areas in various counties, 
so that during the first three months of the outbreak, viz., October 
to December 1880, the sale of animals, except for slaughter, had 
been stopped in thirty-seven English counties. On January 17, 
1881, came into force the Markets and Trades Temporary 
Order — extended to Wales on February 11 — and remaining in 
force till March 31 : during the time of this Order, regu- 
lations were also enforced upon the movement of animals which 
had been exposed in Islington Market, and Local Authorities 
were empowered to shut out of their district animals from any 
district in England, Wales, or Scotland. 
Throughout 1881, the Privy Council also continued to declare 
" infected areas," and to stop the sale of store stock, first in one 
locality, and then in another ; but the figures, as to the number 
of outbreaks occurring each month, did not show that much 
headway followed these exertions. Early in 1882, something 
else was tried. The Markets and Trades Order was applied to 
