22 Organs of the Animal Body : their Forms and Uses. 
Fig, 4. — Skeleton of the Pig. 
At the first glance there is a sameness in the general appear- 
ance of the bony framework which is wanting in the living 
animals. In fact, putting size out of the question, there is a 
strong likeness in skeletons of farm animals, and in these 
drawings no attempt is made to indicate the relation between the 
several specimens in regard to size. 
It is not likely that the farmer will try to master the names 
and other details of the several bones, but he may easily note 
the chief regions. First, the head, which is formed of numerous 
bones joined together. The upper and lower jaws, with the 
teeth. The cavities of the mouth, nostrils, and orbits (eye 
cavities), and at the upper part of the bead the cavity, com- 
pletely surrounded with bone, which contains the brain. 
A long chain of bones reaches from the head to the end of , the 
tail ; and seeing these, the observer knows that he is looking at 
the skeleton of a vertebrate animal. This chain of bones is 
divided into neck, joining the head to the trunk ; back, reaching 
to the last rib ; loins, going as far as the hip ; then the sacrum 
and the bones of the tail. 
In the neck, long or short, there are seven bones, most of 
them of the form shown in Fig. 5. 
Bones forming the back vary in number in different animals : 
horse, 18 ; ox and sheep, each 13 ; pig, 14. These bones differ 
as to the length of the upper spines, but generally they are of 
the form shown in Fig. G. 
To the dorsal or back-bones the ribs on each side are joined. 
