Organs of the Animal Body : their Forms and Uses. 23 
forming by their union with the breast-bone, or sternum, the 
bony boundaries of two large cavities, that of the chest (thorax) 
chiefly, and partly that of the belly (abdominal cavity). 
Fig. 6. — Type of a Dorsal 
Vertebra. 
The small figures show the spines which 
project from the body of the bone ; and 
the points of junction with the ribs. The 
special feature is the long upper spine. 
Six bones of the loins (Figs. 7 and 8) form part of the chain 
from the last back-bone to the hip-bones. The loin-bones are 
Fig. 7. — Upper Surface of the Bones forming the Loins — shoicing 
the long Side Spines. 
