46 - Organs of the Animal Body : their Forms and Uses. 
In the female animal the most important of organs are the 
womb and its appendages. 
Uses of the Urinary Organs. — It is the special office of the 
kidneys to remove from the system the results of the destruction 
of nitrogenous tissues, in the form of urea ; and the importance 
of the work is proved by the fact that the retention of urea in the 
blood is alwavs serious, and in a short time fatal. The bladder 
receives the urine which flows from the kidneys through two 
tubes (ureters), and retains it until enough is collected to cause 
the bladder to contract, when it is expelled, the process being, 
under ordinary circumstances a voluntary one, although in the 
lower animals it is usually carried on in obedience to the desire 
to relieve the sensation of discomfort which is the result of 
distension of the bladder. 
Organs of the Nervous System. — At this point of the inquiry 
the farmer will find that his means of pursuing the study of 
animal organs are exhausted ; he will not be able to make with 
his few tools a dissection which will disclose the brain and 
nerves to his view. All that can be done for him in this matter 
is to refer him to drawings and descriptions. 
The next illustration (Fig. 31) will show how very complex 
the arrangement of the nervous system is, although in this 
drawing only one system, the sympathetic, is exhibited. 
In this illustration the bony covering of the brain and spinal 
cord has been removed, so as to exhibit the roots of the nerves. 
The fine white lines show the branches of the great sympathetic 
nerve in connection with the nerves which proceed to the lungs, 
heart, and other organs of the body.* 
Uses of the Nerve Organs. — The scientist would think it 
impertinent on the part of a writer if he were to suggest that 
even a mere vague idea of the work of the nerve-organs could 
be given in few and simple words, and in fact it would be out 
of place in this paper to go beyond the most elementary 
statements. 
Nerve-organs are briefly the store-houses and carriers of force, 
and thus they regulate the whole work of the organism. If 
constant motive power is wanted, the nerves keep up the supply, 
as in the case of the heart. If an organ at rest requires to be 
set at work, the nerves are ready to conduct from a centre the 
force necessary to rouse it into action. Does an animal feel 
pain, the nerves of the injured part have only done their duty in 
carrying the impression from the part to the brain, to make the 
fact of the injury known. In fine. Consciousness — Will — 
* It is not possible to give an explanation of the numerous parts which are 
indicated hy the figures ; the object is to show tlio iutiiciitc arrangement of the 
uorve fibres, without going into detail?. 
