from an Agricultural and Veterinary Point of View. 81 
Fig. 8. — Bacillus Antltracis, magnified 1500 diameters. 
1. A short rod (8 |u. long) in which the protoplasmic contents have divided previous to fission of the 
riid. 2. A clear rod containing only spores. 3. A jointed filament composed of three segments, 
in one of which fission is commencing, in another a sfore has formed, whilst another is empty. 
4. Part of filament composed of short homogeneous rods united by a narrower sheath. 5, 6, 7. 
Parts of long filaments showing various arrangements of the protoplasm and spores. 8. From 
another filament in which spore formation is proceeding more regularly. Commencing fission is 
seen at some parts of the filament. 9. Part of filament completely filled with regularly arranged 
spores. 10. From another cultivation, showing sporule germinating into a short rod. 
had died from anthrax ; after many attempts he succeeded in 
growing, or "cultivating," the fungus artificially, and watching 
its development under the microscope : noting that the rods, like 
those of the butyric ferment, mult'ply by division, grow into 
long straight or twisted filaments, in which, in the course of 
time, if air is allowed free access, very minute oval spores are 
seen ; then the filaments swell and burst, and the spores are set 
free. These spores, if introduced into the blood of an animal, 
or cultivated artificially, grow again into the characteristic 
bacilli, which eventually become the long filaments that form 
spores. Such is the life-cycle of this deadly microbe, which 
multiplies so rapidly that the spores have been seen to germinate 
in three or four hours; and rodents — such as rabbits, guinea- 
pigs, or mice — when inoculated with the blood of an animal 
dead of anthrax, or with the bacilli or spores of an artificial 
culture, perish usually in from twenty-four to forty-eight hours. 
The blood, which is dark-coloured, always contains these bacilli, 
as does the spleen, which is greatly enlarged, sometimes im- 
mensely so, and soft, like a bag of water ; the urine, as well as the 
exudations thrown out during the life of the animals, like- 
wise contains these bodies. 
Pasteur possibly did not know of Koch's admirable researches, 
which were published in 1876 ; neither, probably, did the other 
disputants in France, for it was in that year that Bert gave 
an adverse opinion to that of Davaine. However this may 
be, Pasteur determined to settle the question as to whether 
VOL. XXII. — S. S. G 
