from an Agricultural and Veterinary Point of View. 85 
Why the latter should enjoy immunity when a large quantity of 
anthrax blood was introduced into its body, and an ox would 
succumb to a minute quantity, was found to be owing to the 
fact that the microbe will not grow when subjected to a tem- 
perature of 112° Fahr. The temperature of birds being from 
105° to 107°, Pasteur was of opinion that their blood was too 
warm for the germination of the microbe, which could take away 
the oxygen from the blood-globules with much more difficulty 
than from the air in artificial cultivations ; he, therefore, lowered 
the heat of the fowls, having previously inoculated them, by im- 
mersing their legs in water at 77°, when their temperature went 
down to 98° or 100°, and in twenty-four hours they were dead, their 
blood swarming with bacilli. To demonstrate still more forcibly 
that temperature was the cause of exemption in fowls, a hen, 
with its body heat reduced as in the other instance, after having 
been inoculated with anthrax blood, became feverish, and when 
the fever was at its height it was taken out of the water, wrapped 
in cotton wool, and placed in an oven at a temperature of 95° ; 
it gradually rallied, and in a few hours was well. Fowls killed 
after being rescued in this way, showed no trace of Bacilli in 
their bodies. I have not heard that this method of saving 
fowls from the effects of anthrax inoculation, by raising their 
temperature, has been tried in the case of people suffering from 
" Wool-sorters' disease," or in thai of animals affected with 
anthrax ; but in the treatment of human typhoid fever, which 
is doubtless due to a microbe, good results have been reported 
from cooling the body of the patient by repeated baths in cold 
water. This may be due to the diminished temperature more or 
less arresting the fermentation caused by the disease germs. 
In my work on ' Veterinary Sanitary Science and Police' 
(vol. ii., p. 208), I have described a disease affecting poultry, 
which, from some of its symptoms, and from its sometimes occur- 
ring in this century coincidently with human cholera, has re- 
ceived the name of " Fowl Cholera," In my ' History of Animal 
Plagues,' however, I have shown that it has no relationship, in 
point of time, with the terribly fatal scourge of mankind ; and 
in the first-mentioned work, I have demonstrated that it differs 
widely from it in its pathology. It has been known from a very 
early period in Europe, and it has appeared in India and on the 
American Continent — everywhere manifesting itself as a very 
rapidly destructive disorder. Since 1798, it has been studied and 
described in Italy, Germany, and France by veterinarians and 
others. Delafond, who first saw the anthrax microbe, believed 
it to be that disease ; in 1873, a veterinary surgeon of Alsace, 
Moritz, discovered a special microbe in the blood of diseased 
fowls ; and in 1878, Professor Perroncito, of the Turin Veterinary 
