from an Agricultural and Veterinary Point of View. 9-3 
men were present, and one of the former, in order to render the 
trial more comparative, had an animal which had been inocu- 
lated with the cultivated virus, operated upon with the deadly 
material alternately with one which had not been protected. 
Pasteur then arranged a meeting for June the 2nd, which 
allowed an interval of forty-eight hours after the test inocu- 
lation. On that day more than two hundred persons — pre- 
fects, senators, counsellors, doctors, veterinary surgeons, and 
farmers — assembled at Melun, and it is reported that they could 
not repress a shout of admiration. Of the twenty-five sheep 
which had not been protectively inoculated, twenty-one were 
dead, two were dying, and the others were certain to die that 
evening; the goat also was dead. The non-protected cows 
were all suffering from intense fever, and were so weak that 
they could not eat, while there were great swellings where they 
had been inoculated with the crude virus. The protected sheep 
were healthy and lively, while the cows did not exhibit the 
slightest disturbance in health, and there was no tumour at the 
seat of inoculation. The most incredulous were convinced of 
the value and reality of the experiment, and were unable to 
conceal their astonishment at the victory Pasteur had gained 
over such a deadly disease. A veterinary surgeon who had 
been the most sceptical, now became such a convert that he had 
himself inoculated with the two cultivations, without any other 
accident than a slight fever ; and it required all the efforts of 
his family to induce him to desist from inoculating himself 
with the unattenuated virus. 
On the result of this experiment being made known through 
the medium of the public press, Pasteur was overwhelmed 
with applications for inoculating material, or " vaccine," from 
breeders of sheep and cattle, as well as from Agricultural 
Societies ; so that he was compelled to institute a small 
manufactory in the Rue Vauquelin, Paris, for its prepara- 
tion. At the end of 1881, 33,946 animals had been protec- 
tively inoculated, of which 32,550 were sheep, 1254 oxen, 
and 142 horses ; in 1882 the number amounted to 399,102, 
which included 47,000 oxen, and 2000 horses ; and in 1883, 
100,000 animals were added to the total of the previous year. 
In the flocks where half had been protected and the other half 
had not — all herding together — the deaths from anthrax in 1881 
were ten times less among the former than among the latter, 
being 1 in 740, against 1 in 78 ; in cows and oxen it was 14 
times less, being 1 in 1,254 against 1 in 88. In 1883 it was 
proved that the protection conferred by the inoculation of culti- 
vated virus generally lasted longer than a year ; but it has been 
found prudent to recommend inoculation every year, performing 
