from an Agricultural and Veterinary Point of View. 95 
"tube is sometimes closed by softening its neck by the blow-pipe, 
and drawing it out to a very small extremity, at the same time 
bejiding it to and fro in a number of sinuous twists. At each of 
these bends a little liquor condenses, which detains any im- 
purities that might be carried in by the air. When the cultiva- 
tion fluid has been inoculated with the virus, the same care is 
exercised in excluding these impurities, and it is kept at the 
temperature most favourable for the growth of the germs, which 
soon multiply so rapidly as to make it quite opaque in a short 
time. 
With regard to the inoculation of animals, the prepared fluid 
is contained in closely corked tubes, those of Pasteur holding 
Fig. 9. — Tube containing the so-called " Vaccine.'^ 
sufficient to inoculate 50, 100, 200, or 300 sheep ; and they are 
labelled as "first vaccine," or "second vaccine," according to the 
degree of cultivation. Of course, it is most important that the 
liquid should be perfectly pure when it is used, as if not, inflam- 
mation of the skin, blood-poisoning, &c., might occur, and the 
object of the inoculation be frustrated. The tubes should be kept 
in a cool place, as in a cellar, and a tube which is opened one 
day should not be kept for use afterwards, but if any of the con- 
tents is left, it should be destroyed. Inoculation is made with 
the ordinary hypodermic or Pravaz syringe, such as is used by 
medical men and veterinary surgeons. This instrument should 
Fig. 10. — Hyiiodermic or Pravaz Syringe for Inoculation. 
be perfectly clean and free from germs every time it is used, and 
in filling it, care must be taken that air is not sucked in with 
the fluid to be injected. The piston should work so well as to 
completely fill the syringe. If sheep are to be inoculated, an 
assistant seizes the animal, seating it on the ground and holding 
it by the fore legs, while the operator inserts the needle of the 
syringe through the thin skin inside the thigh. When com- 
pletely through the skin, the piston is pushed until sufficient fluid 
has been introduced — the body or piston of the syringe being gra- 
duated by marks, the quantity can be measured. The needle is 
