from an Afp'icuUural and Veterinary Point of View. 99 
as test animals, to be inoculated with the crude virus only. 
Two of the sheep inoculated with the cultivated virus died from 
non-specific disease before the final test. When all were treated 
at last with the deadly virus, the efficacy of " vaccination " was 
fully verified by the resulting deaths in those not protected, and 
the immunity of those vaccinated. The Buda-Pesth experiment 
was repeated at Kapuvar on one hundred sheep and twenty oxen ; 
fifty of the former and fourteen of the latter being " vaccinated," 
and fifty sheep and six oxen being reserved for tests. Fifty- 
nine sheep and one test cow died after virulent inoculation, 
and the surviving sheep and three of the cows were very 
seriously ill. One vaccinated sheep died, the other sheep and 
oxen not being affected. Twenty-six sheep of a flock ravaged 
by anthrax were also protectively inoculated. After the second 
inoculation ten of these died, and nine again subsequently. 
This experiment was considered unsatisfactory, and the 
reason for its being so was explained by Pasteur as being due 
to the first inoculation material, which Thuillier took with him 
from France, being too weak to resist the effect of the second — 
it had been, unknown to Pasteur, " over-cultivated." 
Prussia made application for " vaccine virus," but as the 
value of Pasteur's discovery was formally contested in Prussia, 
by Koch and others, Pasteur decided that it would be better to 
have a demonstrative experiment like that which had been 
made at Pouilly-le-Fort, Melun. Dr. Roloff, director of the 
Berlin Veterinary School, took the initiative in this step, by 
applying to the German Minister of Agriculture to have the 
experiment made, and to nominate a Commission to report on 
it. This was agreed to, and the Commission — with H. Beyer, 
Member of the Superior Council of Government, as President, 
and Dr. Virchow, Count Zieten-Schwerin, Councillors Zimmer- 
man and Rimpau, several Veterinary School directors — Dam- 
maun, Leisering, and Seidamgrotzky, and several of the leading 
veterinary surgeons from different parts of Germany, members. 
Twelve cattle and fifty sheep were collected at a place called 
Packish, where anthrax had prevailed to a large extent for some 
time, attacking horses, cattle, and sheep. In one year alone, 
seven horses, sixty-two cattle, and twenty-two sheep died ; and 
it is to be noted that the outbreaks were more frequent when 
the animals grazed on certain parts of the field, or when these 
parts were mown for stall-feeding. The farmer had used this 
field as the burial-place for animals which had died from anthrax, 
while other carcasses he put in the manure-heap, which was in 
due course distributed over the land. The cattle and sheep for 
experiment were brought from an infected locality, and were 
divided in two equal portions ; and twenty-five sheep and six 
H 2 
