from an Agricultural and Veterinary Point of View. 107 
«nd has attained such widespread dimensions in Europe and 
the United States of America, as to threaten the extinction of 
i;he porcine tribe within a brief space, if prompt sanitary or 
protective measures are not adopted. From its superficial 
resemblance to anthrax, it was long looked upon as a form of 
that disease ; but by Dr. Budd and a few veterinary surgeons, 
it was considered to be analogous to typhoid fever in man, and 
was consequently designated "Pig Typhoid." In August, 1875, 
having had the opportunity, while with the Royal Engineers at 
Chatham, for the first time of examining some pigs that had 
-died of this disease at Highara, near Gravesend, 1 came to the 
conclusion that it was neither anthrax nor typhoid fever, but a 
■distinct disease of the swine tribe.* Some time after this (1877), 
Dr. Klein came to the same conclusion, and others were subse- 
<juently of this opinion ; so that it is now decided that it is a 
•disease peculiar to the pig. So far as experiments have shown. 
Fig. 12. Tlie Organisms or Micrococci of Sivine-plague. 
it can only be transmitted by inoculation to the rabbit, mice, and 
white rats, among mammalia ; and among birds, according to 
Pasteur and Thuillier, Cornevin, and some other French inves- 
tigators, the pigeon can be infected — very readily, say the first- 
iiamed authorities, — but Klein denies this receptivity in pigeons. 
It is most infectious and contagious among pigs, in which it 
appears in two forms : — acute and chronic ; and its maintenance is 
due to an aerobic germ, different from that of anthrax in being in 
the form of minute round granules or " cocci," single or double, 
as in a figure of 8, slightly motile, isolated, or collected in groups 
of two, three, or four. These are easily cultivated in the same 
* " A Fatal Eruptive Fever in Pigs."—' Veterinary Journal,' October, 1875, 
fp. 269. 
