118 
Pasteur and Ids Worh, 
by Klebs, in 1872, and by Semmer, of the Dorpat Veterinary 
School, two years later. In 1882, the latter cultivated this- 
microbe, and found it grew abundantly. A calf inoculated 
with the culture died in seven days from rinderpest. When 
transferred, the cultures gradually become weaker, and sheep 
inoculated with them do not perish, but are rendered refractory 
to infection. Semmer has also discovered the microbe of dog: 
Distemper. 
Fig. 14. — Pus of a Pulmonarij Abscess in a Horse (lend, of Glanders, 
1. The nuclei of pus cells. 2. The glanders-bacilli. 
Magnifyiiis power, 700. — Klein. 
Lustig, of the Hanover School, has discovered a bacillus in- 
horse Influenza, which he has grown and inoculated. The same 
authority has also described, and experimented with, the micro- 
organism of Lung-plague, which had already been discovered by 
two Professors at Louvain University. Not long ago the Agricul- 
tural Society of Pavia, alarmed by the havoc wrought by Foot- 
and-mouth disease, appointed a Committee to study its progress 
and nature. The Secretary was Dr. Nosotti, who verified the 
observation of the veterinary professor, Rivolta, that the disorder 
was due to a microbe — the Micrococcus aphtosus — inoculatiqn of 
which always gave rise to the disease, which could be rendered 
benignant by cultivation of the germ. And still more recently, 
Dr. Klein has published a short paper on this organism. On 
feeding sheep with the twentieth-generation cultivation, he 
produced the disease in them. 
I might further allude to similar discoveries, but this 
reference will testify to the immense impetus Pasteur has 
given to the study of these so-called "germs," — a study which 
h<as become so important as to constitute a section of biology,, 
under the designation of Bacteriology. 
There can be no doubt that the more we are acquainted with 
the nature, mode of development, vitality, and special pecu- 
liarities of these microscopic entities, so the better we shall be 
able to destroy them, utilise them, resist their lethal influence, 
or avoid them. When we know, for instance, that septic germ& 
