150 
Report on the Dairy and Stock-Farm 
included oil-cake, chopped potatoes, and grains, besides mixed 
oat- rice- and India-meals. A certain amount of straw litter 
and sawdust also is used in the shippons ; and the whole of the 
manure is mixed with purchased stuff — shoddy, slaughter-house 
waste, mill sweepings, and Corporation manure — upon the con- 
crete floor of the covered pit, to which reference has been made. 
There it ferments, and is mixed and carried out in the late 
autumn months to the grass-lands, whether pasture or meadow, 
in succession ; and nowhere is manure more carefully or evenly 
spread than in this district. Being very short, it can be done 
literally with special attention to every square foot of surface. 
This farm and its general management are well worthy of inspec- 
tion, as it teaches many valuable lessons. Amongst others we 
may mention how necessary it is that everything should be put 
away in its proper place, in order that it may be found at once 
when wanted. Also here you will find exemplified the good 
old maxim, that " a stitch in time saves nine." The whole 
farm is an example of good management in dairy, homestead, 
market-place, and field alike — an illustration of the fact that 
success depends very largely on good marketing, both at the 
beginning and the end of the process. 
The second prize in this Class is awarded to Mr. Jonathan 
Fowler, of Free-Bull Farm, Ashton-on-Ribble, within 3 miles 
of Preston, who there holds 65 acres of permanent grass-land, 
the property of W. Birley, Esq., of Ashton-on-Ribble, paying 
for it no less a rent than 250/. a year, which, with rates and 
tithes equal to 19Z. a year, amounts altogether to 269/. Is. lOrf., 
or 4Z. 3s. per acre. It is useful pasture land, some of it very 
good indeed. We saw a very heavy crop of grass in course of 
hay-making in one large field, and a large stock of remarkably 
fine cattle in another large field, on our Midsummer visit. This 
is another case of a herd kept up by constant purchase for 
milking purposes. Thirty-five cows are in milk, and no fewer 
than 24 cows were bought last year, costing 541/. IDs., or 
22/. lis. 3r/. apiece. The sales from the herd during the same 
period included 22 sold fat, at an average price of 26/. Gs. 6</. each, 
realising 579/. Os. 6c/. There were also 18 calves sold at an 
average price of 1/. 16s., and 7 fat calves for 3/. 12s. bd. a- 
piece. Many of the cattle, it will be seen, were bought as 
in-calvers. Sixty sheep were bought for 98/., and sold for 
125/. 9s. 3c/.; 11 pigs were bought for 24/. lis., and sold for 
64/. 5s. Two horses are worked on the farm, one of them 
available for the milk-cart. The sale of milk was 5475 gallons 
of skim-milk, at 8f/. ; 2190 gallons of strippings, at is. 4J. ; 8395 
gallons whole-milk, at Is., sold to private customers, and 
