Prize Competition^ 1885. 
155 
of which 69 are grass, at a rent of 150/., poor's-rate and tithes 
amounting also to 18/. a year. He purchases about 130/. worth 
of meal and grain for food, and keeps a herd of 21 cows in-milk. 
There were also 5 two-year-old heifers in-calf on our first visit. 
We saw also some very good fat hogs. The whole work of the 
farm is done by himself and son and daughter, employing 
hardly any other labour besides. His sales of butter and cheese 
last year came to 338/., besides 6 fat pigs ; making altogether 
380/., or about 18/. per cow ; and the calves, selling at 30^. apiece, 
brought the amount up to 400/. in all. There are also 3 or 4 
cows sold annually, homebred heifers taking their place ; but the 
whole produce of the land cannot much exceed 500/. a year ; and 
the rent and manure and purchased food must cost 340/., the 
remainder being the return for the family labour and the use of 
capital. It is noteworthy as an instance of work done very 
much as the colonist has to do in the Prairie, where his next 
neighbour may be 10 miles away. As we walked round his 
wide-lying fields, we heard the account from the tenant of how 
each had been treated. Here was a field which had received 
20 cwt. of bones per customary acre twelve years ago, and 5 
cwt. per acre of bone-meal since. ThT-ee acres laid down by the 
tenant ten years ago, now rather rushy, had received 10 cwt. of 
bones per acre ; five years ago, another similar field, drained 3 
feet deep, 7 yards apart, had received 5 cwt. per acre of bone-dust. 
Mr. R.' Whalley, at Lodge Farm, Warton, near Blackpool, 
occupies 66 acres, all grass, nearly all on the alluvial level of 
that district. Here, too, with the exception of one man at 
40/. a year, the labour of both stock and land is done by the 
tenant and his family. He has a herd of 19 capital cows, be- 
sides 7 two-year-old and 4 three-year-old heifers in-calf; also 
yearlings and calves, and a large stock of pigs ; 84 cwt. of cheese 
and 1178 lbs. of butter had been made last year, realising 
242/. \s. \d. and 80/. 3s. Id. respectively ; and there was a small 
sale of milk, not more than 15.?. last year ; also 15 pigs had 
made no less than 79/. 15s. M. The receipts amount to 
410/. 6s. 2d., about 21/. 12s. per cow. He had also sold 3 cows 
for 63/. 15s. ; and calves, fat stock, &c., had realised 115/. The 
consumption of food, including India corn, oatmeal, &c., 
amounted to 145/. a year, and 70/. had been spent on hay and 
swedes and potatoes. He had spent 119/. in five years on 
various improvements — draining, providing watering-places, 
Toads, tanks, &c. 
The last farm in our list in this Class is The Chestnuts, of 
Kibbleton, near Preston, about 80 acres of good permanent 
