160 
Report on the Dairy and Stock-Farm 
bred ewe hoggs, 5 Shropshire hoggs, and 41 hoggs, fat or fatten- 
ing — 184 sheep, and 123 lambs at that time. There were 6 
working horses of the farm, two of them breeding mares, of 
which one had foaled, and one was to foal, besides harness 
mare, a pony, and several colts. 
The annual produce of the farm includes 2800 lbs. of butter, 
selling at Is. 4c?. per lb. ; a certain quantity of milk, about 10s. 
a week ; and 4 or 5 fat pigs. There is also a considerable sale, 
especially of breeding stock, but also of fat stock, during the 
year. Six cows had been sold at an average price of 57/. 3s. Ad. ; 
4 heifers at an average price of 29/. 3s. 46?. ; 19 fat cattle, young 
and old calves, and full grown, had realised 311/. 7s. ; 5 young 
bulls, 129/. 19s. ; 140 sheep, 289/. 10s. ; wool, 34/. ; and 2 horses 
at 40/. apiece. The other sales include comparatively small 
quantities of wheat and oats and potatoes and poultry. 
Mr. Ashburner gets a ready market for all his bulls. 
Among the items deserving record in farm management we 
give the following detail of the seeding of 10 acres of perma- 
nent grass-land (the field is of a comparatively light soil) : 
4 bushels of Italian rye-grass, 6 bushels of perennial rye- 
grass, 14 lbs. of foreign cocksfoot-grass, 15 lbs. of alsike 
clover, 20 lbs. of English white clover, 25 lbs. of " true 
Welsh " red clover, 15 lbs. of cow-grass, 12 lbs. of trefoil, 
14 lbs. of Timothy, 14 lbs. of sheep's fescue, and 6 lbs. 
also of rib-grass. The young grass is fed during the first 
autumn, pastured next year, receives a dressing of farmyard- 
manure in either the first or second winter, and 5 cvvt. of 
bone-manure in the second or third winter. — We quote also 
from our notes Mr. Ashburner's account of calf management. 
The calf is taken at once from the mother and receives new 
milk daily, as much as it will take till 2 months old^ — if a 
bull, till 3 or 4 months old : and if a heifer, after the second 
month, skim-milk is used, supplemented with linseed-meal or 
wheat flour. Calves are turned out at the end of May, the 
young stock getting cake in the field. Every change of course 
in the diet and other management comes gradually. They are 
brought in at night in the autumn and winter, getting a few 
swedes and chaff and hay, and "anything that needs it gets it." 
Going through the fields on our last visit we found clover 
and grass, grazed after oats, very full of food. On half of it, how- 
ever, the seed had missed, and it had been resown with rape and 
rye-grass — 5 lbs. of rape and half a bushel of rye-grass — to serve 
for winter food, and the whole will then be brought in for oats 
next year. The wheat field, a fair crop, had received half a 
ton per acre of Webb's wheat manure on that part of it which 
had been after potatoes. The potato crop receives a heavy 
