Prize Competition, 1885. 
161 
dressing of farm) ard-manure, the mangold-wurzel a full dressing 
of farm manure and 2 or 3 cwt. per acre of Webb's mangold 
manure ; swedes, of which the seed is obtained from Messrs. 
Little and Ballantjne, receive farm manure, or, in the absence 
of that, 5 cwt. of bone superphosphate ; and the testimony here 
is, that after farm manure the crop is not so good as after the 
artificial, nor generally quite so sound. 
Mr. James Tunstall, in the parish of St. Michael's-on-Wyre, 
near Garstang, occupies 342 acres, of which 130 are the property 
of Lord Derby, and 162 the property of the executors of the late 
Colonel Butler, and 50 are his own property. He has been 
here for thirty years, a breeder of good Shorthorn cattle all that 
time, always using well-chosen bulls of good blood. His cow- 
stock, as a whole, are as fine a looking herd as any we saw in 
the course of our inspection. A very handsome roan bull has 
latterly been in service, of the Rev. P. Graham's breeding — 
bought from a neighbour who had used him for a year, and 
then parted with him for 40/. Mr. Tunstall rears all his calves, 
selling them either as breeding stock or fattened. His bull- 
calves often fetch 20Z. or 30/. apiece from neighbours. They 
are sold chiefly in the neighbourhood, where they are known. 
It is an example of a herd where a really admirable pedigree 
exists, whether it can now be set down on paper or not ; his 
stock must all have been eligible for the Herd-book for many 
generations, and a very admirable stock they are. The land is 
much of it a heavyish soil — some of it alluvial, of good quality — 
a good deal is a black soil on peat, but lately brought into 
cultivation. Of the 227 acres, 81 are arable, and at present in 
green or grain-crops ; 56 are grass or clover in rotation, and the 
rest is permanent pasture. The cropping last year included 26 
acres of wheat, 26 acres of oats, 5 acres of swedes, 24 of pota- 
toes, with 18 acres of one year's clover, and 38 acres of other 
grass, which may be ploughed. The usual rotation is oats, 
beans, potatoes, wheat, clover. About 200/. is spent annually 
on various manures — boiled bones, superphosphate, and guano. 
The clovers always receive a dressing of bones, as also at 
intervals does the whole of the grass-land. The dressing for 
the potato-crop is usually 15 tons of manure, and 5 cwt. of 
bones. The labour of the farm is done by two team-men, 
receiving 28/. and board ; two day-labourers, at I85. a week, 
" with a bit of food at busy times " ; two ordinary men, who get 
8s. a week and board ; and one dairy-girl at 12/. a-year, with 
her board. When extra milkers are wanted, they receive dd. a 
meal. About 100/. is spent annually in cake and meal, and a 
good deal of home-grown corn is fed. The premises arc all 
VOL. XXII. — S. S. M 
