164 
Report on the Dairy and Stock-Farm 
least 120/. more. The master also shares in the work, taking 
his part in the milking along with the others. The day 
begins about 4.30 A.M., followed by milking at 5, breakfast of 
oatmeal porridge and bread and butter at 6.30, dinner at half- 
past 11 — meat, potatoes, and beer — tea, with bread and butter, 
at half-past 3, and supper, at 6, of potatoes and meat, or por- 
ridge, or bread and cheese. The second milking is done at 5 P.M. 
On the arable land the rotation usually followed is wheat, 
followed by two years in seeds, broken up for oats, and followed 
up by Swedish turnips, a few mangolds and an acre of potatoes. 
Webb's Challenge Wheat, Early Angus Scotch Oat, Sutton's 
Champion swede, and Sutton's two years' mixture of clover and 
grass, are the seeds employed. The manures purchased during 
the year include generally 3 tons of bone manure at 8/., 5 tons 
of bone-dust at 9Z. ; and some lime, perhaps 12 tons, carted two 
miles, and costing 6/. 12s., composted with earth, and applied 
on the stubbles at the rate of 20s. an acre. 
Walking over the land in April, there was a fairly good 
wheat plant, a fair promise of seeds ; the fallows to receive the 
green crop were not very clean, nor the ploughing well done. 
In July the seeds mown had been a fine crop, wheat and oats 
both looked well, and the turnip crop late, but in good condi- 
tion. The pastures had a fair quantity of food in them of good 
quality, but the thistles had certainly been allowed to stand 
longer than is desirable. The seeds are manured on the wheat 
much stubble. Tank stuff with farmyard-manure is applied at 
the end of the following year. They are fed the first year and 
mown the second. 
The buildings, arranged on three sides of a square, include 
ample shippons for cows, and loose-boxes for calves, a 7»-stalled 
stable, piggeries, large loose-boxes, &c., with an uncovered 
manure stance in the middle. Mr. Newhouse deserves a high 
commendation for the quantity of stock of all kinds kept on his 
farm, for the general economy of his farm labour ; and for his 
ability to make ends meet on a highly-rented occupation. 
Class VI. — In this Class — Stockbreeding Farms under 100 
acres — there is but one entry, that of Mr. John Cottam, who 
occupies Well House Farm, 98 acres in extent, the property of 
J. Colston, Esq., of Bolton-le-Sands, 94| being permanent 
grass and 3J acres arable. We saw here a capital herd of 20 
Shorthorn cows and 8 two-year-old heifers, some of them in- 
milk or in-calf; and some of these as good as any we had 
seen anywhere. There were also 19 yearling cattle, a small 
flock of sheep — 52 ewes with their lambs — and a considerable 
