174 Farming and Agricultural Training in 
expected of it. The children of the agricultural communitj 
are not entering life at the age of manhood and womanhood 
with a thorough knowledge even of those subjects which they 
have been taught at school. Their secondary education, which 
should provide them with that technical knowledge which is 
almost a necessity for success in business, is absolutely ne- 
glected." Capt. Legard further " hinted that our Reformatory 
Farm Schools may afford us practical experience as to results." 
This paper was read at a time when I was busily engaged in 
collecting the evidence of this " practical experience as to 
results," which I give in the following pages, and which entirely 
bears out Capt. Legard's supposition. 
As the question of cultivating land by means of spade-labour 
is now attracting general attention, I have taken the oppor- 
tunity which this investigation has afforded me, to bring into 
relief the results obtained by that system at each of the schools 
reported upon. I have also endeavoured to indicate the causes 
of some of the most pronounced differences in these results, 
such as proximity or remoteness of markets, favourable or un- 
favourable climates, variations in soil, and any other circum- 
stances that seemed to influence them. 
LIST OF QUESTIONS? 
1. What is the name of the School ? 
2. Is it a Reformatory or an Industrial School, and under what Act of 
Parliament are its operations conducted '? 
3. What is the average number of boys or girls maintained at the School ? 
4. Please give what information is possible in general terms as to their 
ages on entering and leaving the School, also as to their past history and 
future careers ? 
5. To what extent is the practice of agricultural operations used as a 
means of instruction, physical exercise, or recreation, with details of the 
scheme of payment or other remuneration to School-inmates employed in 
farm-labour ? If plots of garden ground are given to the boys as a reward 
for good behaviour, or as an incentive, please give information under that 
head. 
6. Please give a detailed account of the management of the land attached 
to the School under the following heads ; — 
(a) Area of permanent grass land. 
(6) Area of arable land. 
(c) Area of garden land. 
(d) Rent under the above heads. 
(e) Payments for labour on the farm and garden, under the following 
heads : — 
Payments or bonuses to inmates. 
Payments to ordinary labourers. 
Payments to bailiffs or other superintendents. 
(/) Method of farm-management adopted, including rotation of 
cropping. 
{g) Number of horses, cattle, sheeji, pigs, and poultry kept on the farm. 
