Reformatory and Industrial Schools. 
181 
" Our stock in trade on Dec. 31st, 1884 was, and their value : — 
Cattle (45): Milch cows, 22; feeders, 6; 2-year-olds, G; yearlings, 11. 
562L 
Horses (5). 156Z. 
Pigs (18). 63?. 15s. 
Grain (wheat, oats, beans, &c.), 102 quarters, 168Z. 
Straw, 17 tons, 33?. Hay, 49 tons, 1G3?. Turnips, 39 tons, 357. 
Cheese, 84?. 
" Vegetables are grown in the ' school ' garden, and do not come into the 
bailiff's accounts. A large number of poultry on the farm, the perquisites of 
bailiff's wife, &c., also do not come in. 
"Extract from Farm Accounts. 
I "Sales— £ s. d. 
Wheat, barley, beans, &o 103 12 0 
Milk, butter and cheese 125 19 8i 
Live stock 355 6 10 
Supplied to School — 
Meat (pigs) 21 18 1 
Milk and butter 110 8 8i 
Total £717 5 4 
" I took another lot of buildings, of which I had annexed the land from the 
school-farm, and put my bailiff in the house, and altered the old buildings. 
They are now tolerably good. We have cow-tying for some 20 cows and for 
14 young stock ; a yard which I mean to roof in, stabling, and a large shed 
for cows. They are far from perfect, but are better than the average. 
Probably their being somewhat inconvenient is a better training for the boys, 
■who, if they go to farm labour, will not as a rule, in Cheshire, find perfect 
buildings. 
" I believe in farm-labour for a town-boy, as most wholesome to body and 
mind. It is stupid, unexciting, monotonous, and no romance can be got out of 
it ; and it gets a lad to see that if he waits and is patient there is a profitable 
result. A Cheshire constable told me that boys from farm schools always act 
better when they get home than boys from trade schools. The few boys who 
are employed with the stock, as milkers, cow-boys, horse-boys, &c., can have 
their pick of jjlaces, as they are known to be well taught ; but, 1st, only a 
■certain number are fit for this; and, 2nd, a child of an artisan who makes 
21. to 3?. per week does not care for farm-labourer's wages. I confess I do not 
think much advantage comes from the teaching. 
" A school dairy works under disadvantages. "We must have milk for the 
boys all the year round, so the cheese is never large. We make our own 
cheese for consumption, and sell some ; so of butter. We have never 
attempted a model dairy. I used to let boys out, but have discontinued the 
practice. It did the boys no good ; and, as Cheshire farmers do not hoe wheat, 
there was small demand. I occasionally take a field of corn, and send my 
machine and the boys into it, but this is rather to help a neighbour than as a 
habit for profit. 1 incline to think that our special feature is tidiness. With 
€0 lads it would be discreditable if it were not so. A weed is quite an exotic. 
Of one point I am practically satisfied : our cultivation by spade is 13 inches 
deep; as compared with plough-work we require at least halfmore manure, and 
all our crops ripen 10 to 14 days later. I should like to be allowed to express 
my opinion that the (&) jjart of question 7 is less satisfactorily answered in a 
Criminal School like Bradwall, largely recruited from an urban population, than 
it would be anywhere else. I have always found that whatever agricultural 
