Reformatory and Industrial Schools, 
187 
stniction given at a school where a habit of bodily labour is considered to be 
of irreat importance with one where this habit is neglected, because the ages 
of the boys — in the one case from five to twelve, in the other from twelve to 
eighteen— and their capability of receiving and retaining instruction are so- 
different ; but we should say at a guess that if the ages were similar, the boys 
at an Industrial School would receive instruction for one-third of the time,, 
and would learn and retain two-thirds as much as those at a Board School, 
" Let us add that other countries are feeling the necessity of Industrial 
Education. At a meeting at Detroit, last October, of the Prison Association 
of America — where most of the States were represented — Rutherford B. Hayes, 
a former President of the United States, urged strongly that 'among the 
capital leading causes of crime we must surely include the inability and 
unwillingness of our young people of both sexes to make their living by 
manual labour,' and it was resolved by the Congress — that ' We earnestly 
recommend the education of the youth of both sexes in industrial pursuits, 
employing and training the faculties of the mind and body in productive 
labour, as an important means of preventing crime.' 
" They say that many dislike bodily work, and fall into the ranks ot 
clerical indigence. 
" T. B. Ll. Baker, and G. E. Ll. Baker, 
" Managers, 
" Eardtoicke Reformatory, Gloucestershire." 
In this instance, again, I have little to add to Mr. Baker's 
own statement, except that, as the Reformatory is one of the 
oldest in the kingdom, it is naturally not so well provided 
with modern appliances as those since erected at much greater 
expense. The soil is heavy, and the crops which I saw on 
August 20th were exceedingly good for the land. The edu- 
cational status of the boys is " rather behind-hand ;" for out 
of 84 boys, only 4 were, in 1884, in Standard Five, 13 in 
Standard Four, 25 in Standard Three, and 18 in Standard Two^ 
VI. — KiNGswooD Reformatory School (Gloucestershire). 
" The average number of boys at this school is 148 ; their ages on entering 
are from 11 to 16 ; and on leaving, from 16 to 20. The bulk of the boys come 
from town, and return to town life when they leave the school. About 25 
boys are employed on the land (which consists of about 15 acres of garden), 
receiving nominal sums for their labour, according to their work. There are 
ll plots of garden ground, but they are not all taken up by the boys. There 
are no ordinary labourers, but 25s. per week is paid to the gardener. The 
live-stock consists of 1 horse and 2 sows ; no cattle, sheep, or poultry are 
kept. The horse is used for the general purposes of the institution as well as 
for the land. 
£ s. d. 
" In 1884 sold live-stock 20 12 0 
„ produce . . . . . . 58 12 6 
Used in school, live-stock . . . . . . 8 2 8 
„ produce . . . . . . 67 7 0 
Total 
£154 14 2 
