Reformatory and Industrial Schools. 
193 
This Reformatory is situated in a rough country, and some of 
the quasi-agricultural work to which the boys are put is rather 
exceptional. Such include road-repairing, bog-reclaiming, and 
assisting: in beating; during; the shooting; season. For this latter 
work the school authorities receive Is. 6d. per day for each 
boy's beating, while in hay-time and harvest they only receive 
from the farmers the usual pay of Is. per day per boy. There 
being so large a proportion of the land in grass, it must be 
sometimes difficult to find physical employment for the boys 
in purely agricultural work, and this no doubt accounts for these 
employments, and also for harnessing boys to implements of 
cultivation, such as a ridging-plough, on the day of my visit. 
On the other hand, a certain number of boys (probably the best 
of them) help to tend the horses and cattle and assist in the 
dairy. Most of the boys who come from towns are taught 
trades, to enable them to earn their living when they leave the 
school ; and about fifty are usually taught tailoring, shoe- 
making, &c. Seven boys passed the last examination in 
Standard Five, 24 in Standard Four, 33 in Standard Three, 
o2 in Standard Two, &c. 
X. — Manchester and Salford Reformatory School.* 
" The average number of boys maintained is 7i. The ages of the inmates on 
admission range from 11 to 16, then after 3 years' detention they will range 
from 14 to 19. Our agricultural operations have never been profitable or 
instructive, because the land has so deteriorated in this locality, the result of 
which is that we intend giving up farming. We have about 76 acres of land, 
57 of which are rented at 120?. Nearly the whole of the land is grass, and 
the live-stock consists of 3 horses, 13 head of cattle, and 100 head of poultry. 
My impression is that the cultivation of land is admirably adapted for such 
material as we have to deal with, but we are defeated in all our efforts by 
the pernicious influence of our atmosphere We are in close proximity to two 
chemical works, and the land is situated on the smoky side of Manchester, 
being only 3 miles from its centre. 
" The sales and other receipts from the farm in 1884 were : — 
£ g. d. 
Iklilk, butter. &c 105 7 5 
Vegetables (potatoes, &c.) 53 5 10 
Hay, seeds, &c 78 16 6 
Live-stock 41 4 0 
Carried forward .. .. £278 13 S 
* In answer to my last question, the Superintendent (Mr. Henry Arnold) says, 
" If I understand it rightly, I do not thiak a teacher can as effectually teach a 
series of elementary subjects in 2\ hours per day as well as he can in 5 hours 
per day. Neither do I believe a scholar will be as well taught during the 2J 
hours' schooling as he would be if he had double the quantity of time to devote 
to his subjects." 
VOL. XXII. — S. 8. O 
