200 
Farming and Agricultural Training in 
Most of the land is ploughed, and this accounts for so many 
horses being kept, if for nothing else, especially as in the winter 
there is plenty of carting to be done. The calves are reared 
and the best heifers kept to replace the cows, while the bullocks 
are converted into beef at about two years old. The young 
pigs are sold to London as porkers. The boys milk the cows 
and do the churning, but a woman skims the milk. In the 
middle of last September the butter was fetching Is. 6c?. to 
Is. Id. per lb. As most of the work done by the boys is agri- 
cultural, it is sometimes difficult to provide them with wet- 
weather jobs, such as wood-chopping, &c., to keep them out of 
mischief. So I witnessed a number of them threshing out 
beans with stout sticks ! The most astonishing feature about 
this Reformatory is the net cost per head of the boys, viz. 
13/. 4s. Id., or more than 25s. per head less than the Government 
grant of 6s. per week, and only about two-thirds the usual cost. 
Mr. Gill explains this as being largely due to the allowances to 
officers being commuted into money payments. All the boys 
work an hour before breakfast ; then they are divided into two 
shifts, one of which is at school during the morning and the 
other in the afternoon, advantage being taken of Sunday to 
change the morning to the afternoon shift for the next week, 
and vice versa. The state of the boys' education is reported as 
" satisfactory." There were 22 in the Fifth Standard, 19 in 
the Fourth, 18 in the Third, 13 in the Second, and 4 in the 
First. The parents of some of the boys are agricultural, and 
they obtain agricultural employment upon leaving ; but town 
boys go back to the towns, and many emigrate. 
XIV. — The Philanthropic Society's Faem School, 
Redhill, Surrey. 
" There are about 300 hoys in the school. They enter at any age under Ifi, 
and can stay from 3 to 5 years. Their past history consists chiefly of igno- 
rance, vice, and crime ; the future career of about 86 to 90 in every 100 is 
earning an honest livelihood at home or in the Colonies — about half in each. 
Agriculture is the staple trade of our school, other trades being only engaged 
in for the purpose of supplying ourselves with boots, clothes, bread, &c., &c. 
The boys receive small payments — chiefly on the system of piece-work — 
amounting in the aggregate to about 178/. per annum. Plots of garden are 
given to a certain number of boys, and are much valued. 
" The land comprises 64 acres of permanent pasttire, 216 acres of arable land, 
17 acres of market garden, and 21 acres of ofiicers' gardens, buildings, &c. Of 
the total, 57J acres are rented at 'dll. 8s. Id. per annum (including insurances), 
the rest is freehold of the Philanthropic Society. The payments for labour 
are 178Z. to boys ; 125?. and house, &c., to baililf ; G5?., &c., to the market- 
gardener ; six farm-labourers at 4(3?. IGs. ; carter and cowman at 52?. each. 
The rotation is chiefly the four-field system, and the live-stock consists of 
6 horses, 48 cattle, 100 sheep, 70 to 100 pigs, 200 to 300 fowls of various 
