206 
Farming and Agricultural Training in 
vegetables can be grown. But the older boys can be trusted to 
go singly to work at farms in the neighbourhood, instead of 
going in gangs. And as to the results of the elementary educa- 
tion given, Colonel Inglis found in 1884 that 16 were in 
Standard Five, 15 in Standard Four, 22 in Standard Three, 
11 in Standard Two, and 5 in Standard One. As an indication 
of the " tone " of the establishment, I may add that the boys 
have their cricket-club, football-club, book-club, &c., largely 
kept up by their own subscriptions. 
XVII. — Leeds Reformatory School, Adel, near Leeds. 
" On an average 150 boys are maintained. They are not admitted under 12 
years of age nor over 16, and are boys of criminal habits, who have been pre- 
viously sentenced to imprisonment for felony. Situations are found for them 
when they leave the school, and their future career is carefully watched. 
The land attached to the school consists of 15 acres of wild moor-land, part 
of which has been reclaimed by the boys' labour ; about 3 acres of it is grass, 
used as boys' playground, and about 7 acres is market garden. The boys are 
rewarded according to the number of marks earned. No plots of garden 
ground are given to the boys. IQl. a-year rent is paid for the 15 acres, and 
60Z. for school-buildings. Two men are employed ; one receives 36?. a-year, 
board, and lodging ; the other 11. per week, with house, food, and light. Two 
horses and five pigs are kept. The produce sold in 1884 realised 114L 12s. Zd. ; 
and that supplied to the school in 1884, 211. 4s., making a total of 141Z. 16s. bd. 
701, was received for horse labour supplied. The farm-buildings consist of a 
shed and stable, with hay and straw loft. 
" Most of the boys, committed from manufacturing districts, return to a 
town life ; very few stay in farm situations. 
"I should say that the elementary education of a boy in a Eeformatory 
suffers very little in combination with practical work. Of course with the 
time at our disposal (about 3 hours daily) what is attempted beyond the 
" three R.'s " can be but superficial. The average age of the boys admitted 
here is 14, and the importance of hard work as being the primary agent in 
forming a boy's character cannot be too fully recognised. 
"C. G. TWIGG, 
" Superintendent, 
" Leeds Reformatory School, Adel, near Leeds" 
The quantity of land attached to this school being so small, 
the market-garden work employs only a small proportion of i;he 
boys, many of whom, however, work for farmers on licence. 
All the necessary information is given above by Mr. Twigg, but 
I should add that the results of the 1884 educational examination 
were " satisfactory and creditable." 
XVIII. — The Calder Farm Reformatory School. 
" 110 boys are maintained on the average. Their ages on admission are 
from 10 to 15 years ; average 13 years. Ages on leaving (on licence or final 
discharge) range from 14 to 19 years ; average, 16i years. All boys admitted 
