Reformatory and Industrial Schools. 
215 
on in the school. It consists in apportioning a number of marks per day for 
each boy for work done, according to the quality and quantity of it. These 
marks bear a money-value. This money is given to the boys on leaving 
under certain conditions and restrictions. Boys are fined from this money 
for various acts of misconduct. 
" There are 21 acres of permanent grass, and 1^ acres of arable land, and 
J acre of garden. The school owns the freehold of 11 acres, and rents the 
rest (permanent grass) at 20/. a-year. The only payment for labour is 
11. per week to the bailiff, with house, coal, gas, and water free, equal to 
about 26s. per week. 
"The greater part of the land attached to this Institution is permanent 
pasture, and affords no scope for rotation of crops, except on a very limited 
scale. When we do crop, the first crop is generally potatoes, next cabbage 
or other vegetable, and the land is then laid down with a crop of oats, 
with seed-grass and clover, &c. The live-stock consists of 2 horses, 9 milch 
cows, 7 pigs (last year), and 25 hens. 
£ s. d. 
"The live-stock sold ofi" the farm in 1884 realised .. .. 102 13 0 
Milk and butter 2 2 10 
Consumed on the premises. Milk and butter .. .. 237 7 5 
Vegetables 12 11 9 
Eggs 5 10 9 
Total .. .. £360 5 9 
" Milk is charged for at 3tZ. per quart ; butter at Is. Qd. per lb. ; and potatoes, 
from 4s. to 7s. per 252 lbs. The value of the live-stock varies from 18?. to 
211. per head (fat). The farm-buildings consist of a barn, stable for 3 horses, 
cow-byre for 9 cows, piggeries for 10 pigs or more, loose-box, root-house, 
cart-shed, and shed for steaming provender for cattle and horses. 
" The opinion of the Superintendent of this School is decidedly favourable 
to agricultural occupation for tlie class of boys dealt with, both as a healthy, 
invigorating physical exercise, and also as tending to the development of a 
higher intellectual and moral status. The tending and feeding of horses and 
cattle in their stalls and byres teaches them humanity, economy, and order, 
while it diverts their vitiated minds into a new channel, and supplies them 
with new thoughts and ideas, which exercise a beneficial influence upon their 
characters. As a means of technical instruction it is also valuable, both for 
the Home and Colonial labour markets. Many of these lads are fitted only 
for agricultural labour, while most of them would succeed better if removed 
from town influences. A training in agricultural occupations fits them for 
emigration, which is by far the most suitable way of disposing of them. Agri- 
cultural labour also acts as a safety-valve, and enables their superfluous 
energies to find a harmless evaporation. 
" W. Nicholson, Hon. Sec. 
" Apart from the extra or specific subjects of the Education Code, these 
lads will compare favourably with the children of any Board School ; and we 
believe that they do not suffer in their education by the combination of 
school work and industrial labour. On the contrary, it seems to develoiJ 
their faculties and smarten their intellects. The extent of their education is, 
reading, writing, and arithmetic, with history and geography, and elementary 
drawing under the Science and Art Department. 
" The examinations held by H.M. Inspector annually are on the same lines 
exactly as in the Board and other Elementary Schools." 
" ElCHAKD GORST, GoV., 
" Bolton and County of Lancaster Certified Industrial Schools, 
Lostock Junction, near Bolton." 
