•728 The recent appearance of the Hessian Fhj. 
should be carefully examined, especially their leaves, or blades, just at the 
points where they cover the secoud joints of the stems from the ground. 
" The Description of the Inject. — Upon corn plants thus injured either the 
larvaj (Fig. 2) of the Hessian fly, or its pupa; (Fig. 3) will be found close to 
the lower joints between the stems and the leaves, or blades. 
" The larvfE, which are the authors of the mischief, as they suck out the 
juices of the plants, are clear white, or translucent, maggots, about the eighth 
of ail inch long, having stripes of a greenish hue under their skins. They 
remain in this state from four to six weeks, and then assume pupal, or semi- 
pupal, form. 
" The pnpaj are called ' flax seeds' in America, because they are like small, 
elongated flax seeds. They are a little longer than the larvaj and are of a 
chestnut colour. It is in this state alone that the Hessian fly has been seen in 
England. 
" These pupa; arc unmistakable, and when once discovered, immediate 
.■steps should be taken to prevent them from turning to flies (Fig. 1), which 
would lay eggs upon the corn plants either in the coming autumn or in the 
sjiring. 
^''Methods of Prevention. — Crops of wheat and barley in whose straw the 
' flax seeds' have been found should be cut above the second joint, either hy 
setting the reaping machines high, or by reaping them by hand so as to leavi: 
a long stubble. Where barley is short and must be cut with scythes, the 
mowers should be instructed to keep them as high as possible. 
" Land upon which the crops have been infested should be cultivated, or 
broad-shared, immediately after harvest. The stubble and rubbish should be 
collected most carefully, and burnt. After this the land should be deeply 
liloughed. Or, the stubble might be ]>loughed in at once deeply. 
" Straw from infested fields should be closely insj)ected when thrashed. If 
pupa; are found, the straw should be used on the spot, if possible, for litter, 
and all passed through mixens that heat may destroy them. 
"The chaff and 'cavings' from such straw should be burnt, and the corn 
screened in the most careful manner. Corn from infested fields should on uo 
account be used for seed. 
" Where manure is obtained from the cowsheds and stables of London and 
other cities and towns, it should be mixened for some time, as it is very 
pirobable that the pupa; of the insect might be imported in jjacking cases and 
with straw crates trom America and Canada. 
" Wheat plants and barley plants that show yellowness and other signs of 
disorder in the autumn, or sjjring, should be closely examined for the larvaj 
or pupa; of the Hessian fly. 
" Should it be discovered that the larva;, or maggots, are injuring young 
wheat plants in November, or that pupa; — 'flax seed' — are present upou 
these, it would bo well to feed them down hard with sheep. 
" CHARLES WHITEHKAD." 
SUPPLEMK.STAI, SUGGESTIONS. 
The following supjilcmental suggestions have been prepared by Mr. Charles 
Whitehead, F.L.S., F.G.S., at the request of the Lords of the Committee of 
Council for Agriculture, in consequence of the recent appearance of the 
Hessian fly, in its i)erfect, or fly, form. 
"Since the preparation and issue of the suggestions concerning the Hessian 
fly, the perfect insect, or fly, has been seen to come from the pupa, or ' lla.v 
