cxvi Agricultural Education — Examination Papers, 1886. 
EXA.MINATION IN GEOLOGY. 
Maximum Number of Makks, 100. Pass Number, 50. 
Friday, May litli, from 2 p.m. till 5 p.m. 
1. What is a Fossil ? Why are Poseils of use to a Geologist ? 
What conclusions would he arrive at if he found either Ammonites, 
Goniatites, Graptolites, Nummulites, or Turrilites, as the pre- 
dominating fossils at places under his examination ? 
2. Draw and describe a general geological section across England 
and Wales ; and explain why the strata form higher ground on the 
West than on the East. 
3. Explain the processes in the disintegration of limestone and 
granite, respectively, by atmospheric agency ; and give the results in 
each case. 
4. Draw the section of a hill, one slope of which cuts the outcrops 
of alternate horizontal beds of clay and sand at a low angle ; and 
explain how the natural drainage would affect — (1) the fields occu- 
pying that hill-side; (2) a road passing up the hill; (3) a deep 
cutting along that road, made for laying large pipes to a town at the 
foot of the hill. 
5. If you met with a stratum containing Anthracosia, Pecopteris, 
Mcgalicldhys, and Bellinurus, to what geological formation would you 
refer it ? What Fossils would you expect to find in the strata above 
and below it, respectively ? 
6. Give a brief account of the general geology, of either Scotland 
or Ireland, pointing out where any materials of economic value are 
found, and why some of the districts are agriculturally good or 
otherwise. 
7. Mention some of the best districts for Sheep-walks, Grass-lands, 
and Corn-fields in England, and give the geological reasons for their 
existence. 
8. If you met with a thick dark-coloured Clay-formation anywhere 
in the South of England, what Fossils would you expect to meet 
with in it to enable you to decide whether it was the Gault, or the 
Kimmeridge, or Oxford Clay ? 
9. What are the chief Mineral Manures ? Of what are they com- 
posed ? How are tbey prepared ? Whence and from what Forma- 
tions are the natural materials obtained ? 
10. Describe some different kinds of Soil, mentioning their 
localities ; and explain their origin and peculiarities. 
11. Enumerate the different stony materials usually used for 
making and mending Roads. Where are thoy got? Give your 
reasons for regarding some as better than others. 
12. Name and describe the Specimens on the Table. 
