Breeding, Rearing, and Feeding Horses, Cattle, and Sheep. 5T 
or under the same ownership even on different farms. Few farms are adapted' 
for both breeding, rearing, and feeding. 
For breeding the most classes of sheep, an ontnin of rough or hill pasture is 
required to enable them to be reared profitably. On the other hand, purely 
arable farms require sheep to consume the turnip crop, and the rent of the land- 
is too high to enable them to rear sheep on it with profit. Many south of 
Scotland farmers have now farms in the north where they breed Black-faced 
and Cheviot sheep, and they bring the wethers south and feed-off on their 
arable farms, thus reaping the whole profit without any middle man getting 
his share. 
My experience is chiefly in the highlands of Scotland, and I am decidedly of 
opinion that it is most profitable for the farmer to breed both cattle, sheep, 
and horses. Cattle eat grass that sheep will not, and many hill farms are 
rendered more heal thy for sheep by having a certain number of cattle on them^ 
Horses eat close, and interfere with sheep more than cattle, but a few on a 
rough hill farm do no harm, and the price of a young horse helps the rent. 
I have never known sheep given up for cattle ; but about ten or twelve 
years ago, when the price of wool and of sheep went up so rapidly, a great 
many farmers in the north reduced the number of cattle. Some gave 
them up altogether, except a cow or two to give milk. Farmers are now 
finding that cattle are a profitable stock along with sheep, and are either 
taking back to the West Highland breed, or to Ayrshires, for dairy purposes. 
My county is Perthshire, and I believe the best agricultural horses for it, as 
for the kingdom in general, is the Clydesdale. For the highlands there was a 
class called a Highland Garron, which was a miniature Clydesdale, but with 
more breeding and action. It was a most useful class of horse, but it is rarely 
to be met with now, the rage for very heavy horses having almost exter- 
minated it. Good ponies could be bred with profit on our hills. Shorthorn 
cattle thrive well on the low grounds of Perthshire, and Ayrshire cattle do very 
well ; but the country is famed for its West Highlanders, and they certainly 
are the grand breed of the county, though now reduced to a few herds. All 
the usual kinds of sheep do well on the low grounds. Leicester pure, and the 
Leicester and Shropshire crosses, and, on the hills. Black-faced. The breed of 
the county may be claimed for the Black-faced. There are few Cheviots, the 
hills are too high for them. 
F. N. Menzies. 
43. Shaw Faem, Windsor. 
The price of live stock being so high at present, and grain cheap, I consider 
it would be more profitable to the British farmers to breed more cattle, sheep, 
and horses than they do. 
I know of no circumstances which would make the purchasing of the 
necessary horses required for a farm preferable to breeding the animals on 
the various farms. In all my experience I never found that horses purchased 
fur farm work did so well as those bred on the farm, either as to health or 
endurance. The home-bred horse docs not cost much in rearing ; the dam 
works the greater part of the time she is nursing him ; and until fit for work — 
under any circumstance — cannot cost the farmer one-half of what he would 
have to pay for him if purchased. Whatever the nature of soil or .situation of 
farm may be, the horse bred upon it will be found to be the best adapted for 
the work and cheapest to the larmer. 
On upland farms and exposed land, where pasture is bad, it may be better 
and more profitable for the farmer to buy in store cattle to fatten, but other- 
