Breeding, Rearing, and Feeding, Horses, Cattle, and Sheep. 71 
than the Suffolk breed — they are hardy, docile, and durable. The farm-horses 
in this district are not generally of a pure breed, but the Suffolk is gaining in 
favour. 
A. Neilson. 
61. Castle Ceawford, Abington, Lanakkshiee. 
Where the soil is light, horse-breeding cannot be carried on as a rule with 
profit ; but where the soil is stronger and good for grass, it is usually profitable 
to breed horses. They can be bred as high as 1000 feet above the sea-level ; 
but, as a rule, beyond 700 or 800 feet it is more profitable to rear cattle and 
sheep than to breed horses or grow grain. The counties of Lanark, Kenfrew, 
Dumbarton, and the Falkirk district, are the best suited in Scotland for horse- 
breeding, having a moist climate and good grazing land. In these localities, 
even with more moderate prices than are now obtainable, horse-breeding would 
pay better than sheej) on the low grounds, as the moist cUmate, and damp 
grassy lands, often cause loss by foot-rot and lameness in sheep. 
The Clydesdale is the best horse, but a very good, hardy, useful animal is 
the common Cumberland horse. 
If the land generally were better farmed, more stock could be kept, but 
that would require more capital. In high districts, cattle and sheep require a 
great deal of artificial feeding-stuffs to fatten them speedily off, Avhich eats up 
a'great deal of the profit. I have had good three-year-old black-faced wethers 
feeding on turnips — over 40 tons weight per acre — here at a height of 900 
feet above the sea, and the animals left nothing for the turnips ; the cost of 
the cake, &c.,' consumed being equal to the difference between the lean 
and the fat prices of the wethers. 
Sheep have been fully as profitable stock as cattle for some years, especially 
on the lighter soils. One thing operating against cattle-breeding and dairying 
is the difficulty of getting good female servants to attend properly to the 
cows. 
I have tried Shorthorns here, but they had to be kept on expensive food in the 
house. Ayrshires are the best breed for the south-west of Scotland. Of 
sheep, I prefer the Border Leicester for the low lands and for crossing, the 
Cheviot for the better class of hill-grazings, and the Black-faced for the higher 
ranges. 
David Tweedie. 
62. Castletown, Athy, Ieeland. 
The portion of Queen's County with which I am best acquainted, containing, 
saj', 100 square miles, was, even within my recollection, mainly devoted to 
dairy-farming. I remember it since about 1840. Wheat was then extensively 
grown in many places. There were not perhaps more than 100 acres of 
turnip or other green crop to be seen in the entire district ; and fully one- 
fourth of the wheat was then sown on naked fallow, the remaining three- 
fourths following potatoes. At present we have very little tillage, and barley 
is the principal corn crop. 
The large dairies are all given up now, except in the mountain district. 
What we term mountains are mere hills, ranging from 500 to 900 feet above the 
sea-level. Nearly all the better class land is at present held by graziers. The 
store sheep or cattle are bred outside of the district — chiefly in Tipperary and 
