Breeding, Rearing, and Feeding, Horses, Cattle, and Sheep. 79 
of (in an' ordinary lifetime), reaping the full advantage of the expense. The 
largest quantity and the best quality of beef is, in my opinion, produced by 
a good cross bullock or heifer. But be sure always to cross with a pure-bred 
bull. 
The breeding of pure Leicester sheep, also, in many instances, pays very 
well. Only, I have the same objection to it as to cattle. I think the surest 
source of early remuneration is in the cross, half- or three-part-bred sheep. 
The first cross between a Black-faced ewe and Leicester ram you always find 
a good profitable sheep. The mutton of such, in most cases, gives Id. per lb. 
more than bred or half-bred. For early fat lambs a cross by the Shropshire 
or Down ram is best. 
Robert Gabdinke. 
74. TiRTDAiL, Cross Inn, Carmarthenshire. 
More live stock could be bred profitably, especially at present prices. 
The breeding of horses is in some cases prevented by bad fences and steep 
lands. In general, every farmer should rear horses for his own use, and a 
few for sale where the land is suitable. 
Some farms are very liable to disease — viz., bad lungs, black-leg, &c. — and 
some lands are more suitable for corn growing. On these it is better to buy 
cattle for feeding than breed them. 
You cannot breed sheep with safety except on dry, .sound land. I know 
of no circumstances that make horse-breeding more profitable than cattle and 
sheep breeding and rearing. 
On the whole, I should say cattle pay best, but some districts are eminently 
adapted for sheep. 
Almost in every instance where a person has taken to extensive horse- 
breeding, he has given up the practice and turned to sheep or cattle. When 
at all practicable, it is well to have all the spokes in the wheel ; to have 
horses, cattle, and sheep reared on the same fa~in. 
A good cart-horse of any breed is suitable in this part of the country. 
Durham cattle for all good ground ; Hereford, or Blacks, for poorer soils ; 
Shropshire Downs for all enclosed lands; Eadnors for mountains, are the 
favourite varieties. 
John Brodie. 
75. Bedford. 
Farmers could, with profit to themselves, breed more horses, cattle, and 
sheep by increasing the productive power of the land. 
The profitable breeding of horses on the farm is best attained on farms 
having a free range of natural pasture for summer and winter. With a por- 
tion of old turf for a run through the winter day, no animal requires less 
supplementary food. In some parts of England colts are left out through the 
entire winter, only having a little hay in the most severe weather. Notably 
this is the case in the rich vale of Aylesbury, and the plan is alike suitable 
and inexpensive. One great obstacle to the increase of production in this class 
of stock has been, and is still, the many risks that are run. The pastoral dis- 
tricts make the breeding of horses an institution, and suj^ply the tillage- 
farmer on cheaper terms than he can rear them for himself — else it may 
be assumed he would do so. 
The breeding of cattle is preferable to purchasing stores for fattening for 
the butcher; and taking it all in all, it is alike the most profitable and most 
natural. I give the sales of cattle and sheep bred on a large farm in one of 
