Report on the Health of Animals of the Farm. 
279 
Typhoid Fever ik PiGS. 
In mv last half-yearly Report attention was directed to the 
( ircumstance that a malignant disease had shown itself among 
?-ome large herds of pigs in the western counties, more par- 
ticularly in the neighbourhood of Bath and Bristol, and thiu 
my colleague, Professor Axe, had already undertaken to investi- 
gate its pathology. It was also stated that the affection was 
believed to be only another outbreak of the malady long since 
recognised in this country by the name of tvphoid fever. 
This opinion has since been confirmed, and the experiments 
which have been had recourse to by JNIr. Axe have thrown con- 
siderable light upon the causes by which the disease is propa- 
gated, as well as on the means of its extinction. They, at the 
same time, confirm the opinion of Dr. William Budd, of Clifton, 
who, in 1865, brought the subject of this disease of pigs before 
the Society, and clearly established its close relationship with 
typhoid fever of man. 
Experiment I. — The chief object of this experiment was to 
determine whether the contagium of pig-typhoid could be trans- 
iiiitted from one animal to another through the medium of the 
atmosphere alone, positive contact being entirely prevented. 
For this purpose, two pigs, about six months old, were 
obtained from a healthy herd, and on the 21st of April thev 
were put "into a house near to a diseased pig, brought to the 
College by Mr. Hussey, of Devizes. After forty-eight hours close 
exposure of the healthy pigs to the contagium, the diseased 
animal was destroyed. The healthy animals were placed some 
distance apart from the infected one, and the greatest possible 
care was taken to maintain a complete separation of the animals 
themselves, and also that the excreta of the infected pig should 
not come in contact with the experimental animals. The in- 
ternal temperature was taken in the mornings and evenings 
throughout the entire course of the mal.ady, and will be found 
recorded in the following thermometrical table. 
The course of the disease as it appeared in the two pigs, 
A and B, is described separately. 
A. — April 26iA. — Slight dulness is apparent. The evening 
meal is refused, excepting the fluid portion of it, which is drunk 
with aviditv. 
'21th. — Dulness more marked : the skin of face is corrugated, 
and the countenance expressive of pain. 
2%th. — The skin is hotter than natural, but no eruption is 
developed. The eyes are congested and suffused with tears. 
Food is taken sparingly, but water is drunk freelv : pulse is 
quick, soft, and weak ; breathing very slightly accelerated. 
