312 Report on the Agiiculture of Denmark, loith a Note on 
different parishes, for reasons" similar to those which cause 
variations in the burden of local taxation in England. 
The equitable assessment of the land is not the only, and in 
some respects not the chief, purpose to which the hard-corn 
classification is applied. Indeed, with regard to the cultivation 
of the land, its influence is more felt in the determination of 
the maximum and minimum areas of tenemental land which 
landowners are respectively permitted by the law to let in 
one farm, and tenant-farmers to cultivate. The national system 
of land-occupation will be best understood if I commence its 
description by stating that an owner of land in Denmark is not an 
absolute possessor of it, his possession being subject to certain legal 
restrictions as to the use to which he may devote his property. 
Taking as a type a landed estate such as Englishmen are 
familiar with, having its home-farm and park adjacent to the 
mansion of the owner, and surrounded more or less by farms 
held by tenants, it will be instructive to describe the condition 
of such an estate in Denmark. The home-farm (Hovedgaard) 
is subject to different laws than those which affect the tenemental 
estate ; it cannot be enlarged, except as a compensation for the 
sale of part of the tenemental estate, and although it may be let 
to a tenant under special agreement (generally on lease for eight 
or ten, or even twelve or fifteen years, at rents usually varying 
between 25.9. and SOs. per acre, rising occasionally to rather more 
for better land), no portion of it may be exchanged for other land 
which has hitherto been tenemental, for the purpose of altering 
the area of the home-farm, until after the tenemental land has 
been vacant for a year and fourteen days. The tenemental lands 
must be let under certain conditions in areas assessed at not less 
than 1 tonde of hard-corn, and not more than 12 (equal to a 
minimum of 12 and a maximum of 144 tonder-land of medium 
soil, or from 16 to 192 acres). 
The tenemental lands (or Bondergaarde) are let, within the 
limits of hard-corn just mentioned, on a lease for fifty years, or to 
the tenant for the term of his own life and that of his widow, if 
he leaves one. If the land is not entailed, the proprietor may 
sell such farms ; but even then they may not be otherwise let by 
the new freeholder until after the expiration of twenty years from 
the time of purchase. 
The tenants of both Hovedgaarde and Biindergaarde pay rent, 
not only for the use of the lands and buildings, but also for that of 
the live and dead stock, under certain conditions providing for 
their due maintenance. I went over a home-farm (Hovedgaard) 
of about 850 acres, near Randers, which is let to a tenant at a 
yearly rent of 3000 bushels of barley and 450Z. in money, the 
landlord finding 100 out of the 180 cows wliich are kept on the 
