the Farming of the Duchies of Schlesioig and Holstein. 319 
cipal agricultural articles from Denmark into the United 
Kingdom during the same five years, 1870-74: — 
1870. 
1871. 
1872. 
1873. 
1874. 
991 
1.298 
2,G34 
3,044 
174 
Cattle 
8,06:^ 
16,411 
18,307 
27,030 
26,800 
0,388 
13,402 
17,249 
20,331 
14,450 
Pigs 
1,286 
3,018 
700 
7,099 
7,330 
Butter, cwts 
127,013 
140,851 
173,574 
201,558 
226,053 
The agricultural significance of the indirect trade arises from 
the fact that many of the Danish cattle which are exported are 
finished off on the marshes of Holstein. Coming to us from 
Hamburg or Tonning, they figure as German cattle, although 
they are, to all intents and purposes, of Danish origin and 
nurture. The Danes are very anxious to alter this state of affairs, 
and to send their own produce from their own ports.* Hitherto, 
the difficulty has been to construct and maintain a port on the 
west side of Jutland ; but last year the port of Esbjerg was opened 
for traffic, as well as a railway connecting it with the rest of the 
kingdom by way of Lunderskov, near Kolding. By means of this 
port it is hoped that the direct trade between Denmark and 
England will be enormously increased, while on the other hand 
it is feared that Esbjerg will share the fate of other such attempts 
by the port becoming silted up. 
However, notwithstanding the difficulties which have so long 
existed, the direct export of cattle to England has trebled in 
five years ; that of sheep has fluctuated, but on the whole made 
similar progress ; while the export of butter has been doubled. In 
1870, Danish cattle formed not quite 4 per cent, of our total foreign 
supply, while in 1874 they amounted to nearly 14 per cent.f 
Physical Features. 
The physical features of Denmark require but a brief descrip- 
tion for the purposes of this Report ; especially as they are 
so well illustrated by the map of the surface-geology of Denmark 
and the Duchies, which I am enabled to give through the kind- 
ness of the Council of the Geological Society of London. The 
* With respect to Hamburg there is a valid economical reason for this desire, 
irrespective of the cost of transit, as cattle from that port arc subject to more 
stringent regulations in Great Britain than those from Denmark or the Duchies. 
On this point see pp. 361 and 362. 
t See 'Eeport of the Veterinary Department for the year 1874' Appendiv- 
Table XLII., p. 91. > i-i • , 
