the Farming of the Duchies of Schlcswig and Holstein. 321 
and the Duchies ; the marsh-land region and the recently 
formed land of North Jutland are the great cattle-feeding dis- 
tricts, although in some of the marshes a large extent of land 
is under arable cultivation ; while in the cretaceous district of 
the north of Jutland, young store oxen are reared for the purpose 
of being finished off in summer on the grass-land of the marshes. 
As to the central sandy tract, most of it is still waste or 
woodland, generally the former ; but here and there attempts to 
bring the land under cultivation are indicated by the yellow 
flowers of the lupin, which is grown in those cases for the purpose 
of being ploughed in as green manure. 
The fences contribute not a little to the varied aspect which 
the country presents in different districts. In the marshes they 
are simply dykes and ditches, but in the cast of Holstein and 
Schleswig high banks, capped with luxuriant hedges, remind one 
very forcibly of some parts of the West of England. In the 
Danish islands the fields of large farms are not unfrequently 
divided by warren sod-walls, and the same kind of fence is 
used in some districts as the boundary between peasant-farms, 
the fields of which are marked out by lines of boulders which 
have been dug out of the land. 
The climate of Denmark is insular, that is to say, it is not 
characterised by such extremes of heat and cold as distinguish 
the summers and winters of inland countries. Mr. Rainals, 
Professor Wilson, and M. Tisserand write in the same laudatory 
strain of the beauty of the Danish climate. The mean winter 
temperature (December to March inclusive) is a little below 
32° Fahr., and the rainfall of the four months averages 6J inches, 
spread over 53 days, out of which snow falls on 22. During 
the spring months of April and May the mean temperature is 
47^° Fahr., and the rainfall a little under 3 inches, spread over 
22 days ; in the summer the average temperature is 62° Fahr., 
the rainfall nearly 7 inches, and there are 40 rainy days ; and in 
the autumn the average temperature sinks again to a mean of 
46^° Fahr., while the rainfall reaches a maximum of over 7 inches, 
spread over 42 days. Further details, with charts showing the 
relative prevalence of the winds from the different points of the 
compass, are given in Professor Wilson's Report ; but the main 
facts just stated show that although the winter is long it is not 
so severe as the northern situation of the country would lead one 
to expect ; the spring and autumn are mild, and the summer-heat 
is not excessive. Under these conditions wheat is not generally 
sown until October. Field-work is not necessarily entirely sus- 
pended during the winter, except in the northern parts of Jutland, 
where very little ploughing can be done until the end of March, 
or, in some seasons, the beginning of April. In the more southern 
