322 Report on the Agriculture of Denmark, with a Note on 
districts the advent of spring is a week or two earlier. Young 
stock are generally turned out, at least by day, about the 
beginning of May, and the cows shortly afterwards are tethered 
on the artificial grasses, where they remain until October, but 
are turned out by day until the middle or end of that month. 
Such being the conditions under which farming: is carried on 
in Denmark, it remains to describe the systems of agriculture 
which are considered the most suitable to the country and the 
most profitable to the cultivators of the soil. 
Agriculture of Denmark. 
It has been already indicated that two principal systems of- 
agriculture are practised in the area which now comprises 
the Danish kingdom, the most important being the Dairy 
Husbandry, and the other the Meat Husbandry, if such a title 
may be considered admissible. Under both systems a con- 
siderable quantity of corn is grown, and both are characterised 
by the early slaughter of surplus calves. An important dif- 
ierence under the latter head is that on meat-making farms 
only the bull-calves are kept, nearly all the heifer-calves being 
killed soon after birth ; while on dairy-farms the only survivors 
of this agricultural "massacre of the innocents" are the small 
percentage of heifer-calves deemed necessary to keep up the 
herd. In addition to these systems of arable-land farming, 
the marshes of Denmark, and more particularly of Schleswig- 
Holstein, furnish illustrations of the method adopted to prepare 
bullocks for the English market, including their finishing off on 
grass-land. With this brief introduction I proceed to describe 
in general terms the usual methods of cropping the land, and 
the manner in which the prevailing systems of farming are 
carried out ; and at the same time to draw attention to such 
improvements upon the usual customs as arrested my attention 
during my journey in 1874. 
Farm-Buildings. — The cost of farm-buildings in Denmark is 
very great for the acreage of the farms, and may be put down 
at 11. per acre, or even more, in some instances. INIr. Rainals' 
Report is illustrated by plans and elevations of the two descrip- 
tions of farmhouse usually seen in Denmark and the Duchies. 
The first, designated as A, p. 276,* is to be seen all over the 
country, with the exception of the marshes, and a part of the 
Geest region of Holstein, to which districts the second kind, 
13, pp. 277 and 278, is confined, being, in fact, an importation 
from Holland. The former, or general plan, is a hollow square, 
as is not unusual on the Continent, one side being the dwelling- 
* 'Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society,' vol, xxi., 1860. 
