the Farming of the Duchies of Schlesioig and Holstein. 323 
house, a second the barn, faced by the stables and cow-shed which 
form the third side, while the fourth, in which the gateway is 
situated, opposite to the house, is made up of sheep-house, imple- 
ment-shed, workshop, &c. &c. The farm-buildings of large 
proprietors are arranged on the same principle, but the four sides 
of the square are generally detached, thus lessening the probable 
loss in case of fire. On these farms the barn is a huge structure 
(stacks being almost as unknown now as they were in 1860) ; 
and not unl'requently it forcibly illustrates certain phases of 
the unprofitable use of materials, the roofs especially being 
clumsily constructed, and strutted from the floor in a manner 
which interferes considerably with the storage-room. On the 
other hand, some of these .barns, like Mr. Tesdorpf's (Fig. 1, 
p. 324), are skilfully constructed. That gentleman has also 
adopted the Norfolk system of box-feeding with the best results, 
and the annexed cut (Fig. 2, p. 324) shows the arrangement of 
the boxes, and the manner in which the feeding-trough is raised 
as the manure accumulates. 
Above the cow-sheds and stables is generally a hay- and straw- 
loft, and the question of ventilation is therefore of importance. 
I saw on several Danish farms the method of ventilating by 
means of divided shafts, which Mr. Mechi has so long adopted 
and advocated in England. The only difference is that the 
Danes divide their shaft into four parts instead of two, but that 
is not a matter of cardinal importance. The essential point is 
that with these divided shafts there is always an upcast and a 
downcast — an inlet for the fresh air as well as an outlet for the 
vitiated atmosphere. The following sketches (Figs. 3 and 4, 
p. 325) will make clear the mode of constructing these shafts, 
which is adopted in Denmark. 
Cultivation of the Land. — The course of cropping which pre- 
vails in Denmark is very similar to that Koppelwirthschaft, 
which I described last year as characteristic of Sweden and 
ISorway, namely, bare fallow, three-years' corn, and three-years' 
grass. But there is a remarkable difference between the national 
practices of the Scandinavian and the Cimbrian peninsulas. 
In the former, the bare fallow succeeds a crop of oats, and is 
followed by winter-corn, then by grass for two or three years or 
more, and afterwards by barley and oats for two, or perhaps 
three years, returning again to fallow. In Denmark the bare 
lallow succeeds the grass, and is followed by winter-corn, then 
by spring-corn for two or three years, the last corn-crop being 
sown out with a mixture of seeds. The differences in the geo- 
graphical position, climate, and other conditions of the north 
of Denmark and the south of Sweden are so slight that it is 
remarkable to find this prevailing divergence of practice in the 
