334 Report on the Agriculture of Denmark, with a Note on 
The details of the cultivation and manuring of the land on the Lower Farm, 
consisting of moderately light land, which are given below, render it unneces- 
sary to occupy space by giving similar details in reference to the more extended 
rotation pursued on this Upper Farm. 
B. The Lower Farm (Nedermarken). — This part of the farm is flat, ana 
consists of light soil, which was previously overgrown with heath ; broom 
also grew very strongly, though this plant, as a rule, is a sign of good quality 
of the land. The Lower Farm comprises 73 acres, and is arranged into eight 
fields, each of about 9 acres in extent, with the following course of cropping : 
— (1) Half-fallow ; (2) Spring rye (St. John's rye) ; (3) Turnips; (4) Barley ; 
(5) l^ye ; (6) Oats ; (7, 8) Glover and grass. 
The fallow-field is manured with about 11 loads of farmyard-manure per 
acre ; and from 9 to 10 pecks of St. John's rye, without any admixture of 
spring-com, is .sown during the latter part of June. It is fed-off three times- 
during the autumn, this generally being the time when grass is scarce. The 
next autumn, after tlie rye has been harvested, the stubble is ploughed very 
deejily, and generally twice — the first time with a double plough. Towards 
spring, from 8 to 9 loads of farmyard-manure per acre is carried on the field 
and left in a heap, mixed and covered with compost. In the spring the field 
is harrowed with a Swedish or light harro%v, and is then rolled ; in May it is 
ridged up, the farmyard-manure is spread in the furrows, and upon it is sown 
-J cwt. superphosphate, f cwt. dissolved Peruvian guano, and 42 lbs. of bone- 
meal, per acre ; the manure is covered by splitting the ridges, and the turnips 
are sown with a light English drill, which is attached to and follows behind 
the Tesdorj)f two-sectioned roller. I'he Tankard red-top turnip is generally 
sown, as it grows well on light soil, and can be kept until April. It is not, as 
a rule, sown later than the middle of May, as in that way time is left for a 
second sowing in case the first braird is destroyed by the fly (which however, 
for many years has done no material damage), or in case the young plant should 
be broken by storms, which is not unfrequently the case. The worst enemy 
of the turnips is, however, the white butterfly caterpillars, which appear in 
large numbers in August and consume the turnip-tops. A great many birds 
make their appearance in the autumn, but they come too late to save the 
plant. 
When the turnips are harvested, the leaves are .spread out and ploughcd- 
in deeply ; in the spring f cwt. superphosphate and i cwt. bone-mtal 
are put on the land and harrowed in with a Swedish harrow ; after that a 
second harrowing is given, and the land is then rolled. Chevalier barley 
is now sown, and the seed is covered by the double-plough, and after 
that the earth is rolled with the stanytromlen (a kind of roller), which is 
a capital implement for preventing the dry earth from being raised by the 
wind. 
Immediately after the barley has been harvested the stubble is ploughed 
to double the usual depth, and after that 1^ cwt. superphosphate, J cwt. dis- 
solved Peruvian guano, and } cwt. bone-meal, are sown per acre, and harrowed 
down with the Swedish harrow. The land is then harrowed over with a 
light harrow, Provsti rye is sown, and the seed is covered by means of a zig- 
zag harrow. 
In the autumn following, the rye-stubble is ploughed under; and in the 
course of the winter, or early in the spring, about 11 to 12 loads of stable-manure 
per acre are conveyed to the field and ploughed-in immediately ; after that, 
oats, with clover- and grass-seed, are sown. The two following years the field 
remains in clover and grass. 
In 1872, the yield of the harvest of the Nedermarken, or Lower Farm, was 
as follows : — 
