the Farming of the Duchies of Schleswig and Holstein. 335 
Imperial 
Acres. 
Thraves. 
Bueliels 
per Acre. 
Fold. 

y 
G2i 
20 
Eye (Provsti) 
y 
48 
20 
n 
y 
27 
y 
29i 
C. The Meadow Farm (Engmarkeii). — Besides Overmarken aud Neder- 
marken, there belong to Kja;rsgaard about 40 acres of light and poor soil, 
situated at a distance. It previously belonged in part to a piece of meadow, and 
that portion was bought in 1871, because Mr. Heide thereby came in possession 
of a turf-meadow of about 14 acres in extent, and got the control over a 
small brook. These fields surround a meadow of 28 acres, whicli they protect. 
On this area one ram and twenty ewes were kept, with their lambs, and from 
12 to 13 acres were used for rye, barley, and potatoes. It has since been decided 
to discontinue keeping the sheep, and to cultivate the land carefully, manure it 
with compost and artificial manure, and to introduce the following rotation : — 
(1) Lupins, to be ploughed in ; (2) Rye ; (3) Turnips and potatoes ; (4) Rye. 
The following is the mixture of seeds used for the clover aud grass land per 
acre : — 
2f Danish lbs. Silesian red clover.* 
2f „ Late ditto. 
3 „ Alsike, 
25 „ White clover. 
2 ,, English ryegrass. 
2$ Danish lbs. Italian rye-grass. 
2 „ Timothy grass, 
i „ Dog-grass. 
f „ Meadow-fescue. 
Is to 3 oz. Carraway seed. 
There is thus sown 18 D. lbs. (equal nearly 20 lbs. English) of seed per acre, 
viz. 10 lbs. of clover- and 8 lbs. of grass-seeds. As previously mentioned, there 
are in the Upper Farm (Overmarken) five fields of between 8 and 9 acres 
each, and in the Lower Fax'ra (Nedermarken) two fields of about 9 acres each, 
annually in clover and grass. These are intended to summer forty milch 
cows, three to four bulls, five to six heifers, and eight horses. It is, therefore, 
not calculated that any portion of the grass-breaks should necessarily be saved 
for hay ; but, with the exception of very dry 3rears, sound clover-hay has 
annually been made, generally from 30 to 40 loads ; and the last two years 
(1872-3) the quantity amounted to between 75 and 85 loads of 15 cwt. 
The clover is mown during the latter part of May or the beginning of June, 
before flowering takes place, thereby gaining superior hay and an early 
aftermath. The cows are, as a rule, not put upon the meadows ; but iu 1868 
and 1870 they were pastured there for a short time, whereas the yoimg cattle 
(which are generally in the stalls until the hay is cut) and some of the pur- 
chased bullocks are put in the meadows after the hay-harvest. The yearling 
calves are not fed on grass the first year, and the cows, when upon grass, are 
always tethered, being watered twice a day from a water-cart. 
Horses. — Eight working horses are kept, and they work hard all the year, 
except during June and July, when they are generally turned out to grass. The 
autumn, as a rule, is the busiest and most important time of the year on Danish 
farms, and this is especially the case where, as at Kjasrsgaard, the bare I'allow 
course has been discontinued, and the cultivation of root-crops is of importance. 
Mr. Heide is, therefore, in the habit of buying some working oxen every sum- 
mer in order that two or three pair may be used in the autumn for carting 
* The Danish lb. is one-tenth more than the lb. avoirdupois. 
