336 Report on the Agriculture of Denmark, with a Note on 
turnips and manure, as well as for ploughing the land, &c. Afterwards 
they are fattened in the winter. If bullocks are not thus procured and made 
use of, a pair of horses for about 60 acres is considered necessary. 
While the horses are fed in the stable they receive a daily allowance of 
Is peck of criished oats, i to 5 bushel of caiTots, and 9 lbs. of hay, which is 
given in the racks placed under the manger. This arrangement is better than 
having the rack jilaced above the manger, as in that case the hay-seeds and 
dust fall into the horses' ears and into the fodder. It is also more natural for 
a horse to feed with his head downwards than reaching upwards. Last year 
the horses cousumed 1053 bushels of oats, 552 bushels of carrots, and 10 large 
loads of about 16cwt. of hay. Of late years horses have not been bred, but 
have been renewed by purchase. 
Cattle. — The stock of cattle consists of about forty Angeln cows, two or 
three bulls, and from twenty to twenty-five calves and young cattle. The ■ 
number of cows has not been increased of late years, although the area of the 
I'arm has been enlarged. It is, however, contemplated to increase the number 
of calves and young cattle to from twenty-five to thirty, and otherwise to 
increase the number of cattle, by purchase, for fattening. Milking-cows are 
only renewed by breeding on the farm. In 1872-73 the number of young 
cattle was increased by two bulls and three yearling heifers. 
In 1859 Mr. Heide bought twelve heifers of the best strain he could get, and 
one bull ; in 1860, again, six heifers were purchased ; and during the following 
four years, ten, partly heifers and partly cows. The first bull was a disap- 
pointment, as be became coarse, and developed more the qualities of a feeding- 
than a milking-animal. The cows got by him have, however, been all drafted 
for some years, although seven of the heifers first bought are still in the herd. 
These animals are now 15, 16, or 17 years old. In 1862 Mr. Heide received 
of Mr. Suhr, of Eosenlund, as a present, a bull-calf, and by this bull the whole 
of the existing herd has been got, with the exception of the old cows just men- 
tioned. All the cattle are very strong, well built, and have the characteristic 
marks of good milkers well developed. It may be mentioned as a curiosity 
that Mr. Suhr claims, as characteristic of the Rosenlund cattle, that they have 
fcilds of the skin lying across the ribs somewhat like the mark left by striking 
the animal. Many of the Kjaersgaard cattle exhibit this feature, which seems 
to indicate that it is inheritable. 
No fresh blood has been introduced into the herd for between ten and eleven 
years, and there has been no appearance of any detrimental consequences ; on 
the contrary, a superior stock of cattle, having a uniform character, has been 
produced. Calves from this farm are consequently much sought after, and fetch 
13s. 6rf. each when born, and an additional hd. or 7(i. perday of their age at the 
time of sale. Thus the price of a calf, three months old, would be about 3Z. 
A very interesting account of the cow-keeping and the production of milk 
was published in the ' Tidsskrift f. Yeterinferer ' (the Veterinary Gazette) for 
1873, page 50. One cow, which gave on an average about 650 gallons of milk 
per annum, did not leave oft' giving milk a single day for four years and a-half. 
During the seven years this cow was on the farm she gave milk on Sin average 
348 days a year; while two others gave milk respectively on 329 and 274 days 
a year, namely, 693 and 768 gallons. During the eleven j-ears from 1861-72, 
every cow on the farm has run dry on an average for 39i days a year, and, 
according to the weekly trial-milkings, has given 603 gallons of milk per 
annum. The largest produce during these years was in 1867-68, when the 
average produce of thirty-six cows was 648 gallons of milk, three of the cows 
giving above 880 gallons, six from 770 to 880 gallons, seven from 660 to 770 
gallons, ten from 550 to 660 gallons, five from 440 to 550 gallons, and only 
five below 440 gallons of milk. In 1872-73, however, the produce was even 
larger, namely, 661 gallons per cow. 
