tlie Farming of the Duchies of Sddcsicig and Holstein. 343 
If this amount be deducted from the receipts (273Z. 17s. Od.) mentioned 
above, there will remain a balance of 128^. 18s., which, as stated in the items of 
receipts, is taken as payment for the milk used. 1'he turnips given to the pigs 
are steamed, and when the frost is very severe the fodder and the drinking- 
water given to the cattle are warmed. 
No pigs are bought, but the stock is kept up by breeding. The number is 
generally seventy, large and small. 
Besides a steward and a dairy-maid (who is also housekeeper, and is partly 
paid by percentage), the hands kept on Kjjersgaard consist of three unmarried 
farm-labourers living on the farm, whose wages vary from G?. to 9?. per 
annum ; one boy ; one man to feed the cattle (wages 97.) ; one man to feed the 
cattle that are being fattened during the winter (wages 47. 10s.) ; one man to 
feed the pigs, and who attends to the steam-boiler (wages 107.); one kitchen- 
maid, who also does the brewing (wages 67. 13s. 6c7.). The brewing and 
baking are done on the farm. The man who looks after the pigs receives an 
allowance of 2<]. for every pig fattened, and Aid. for every pig born living; an 
allowance is likewise given for every beast fattened. The vv'ork in the dairy is 
done by three apprentices, who pay 27. 15s. dd. per annuna each. One farm- 
apprentice pays 57. lis. 3c7. per annum. The people get no spirits in the 
winter, but twice a day from the 1st of April to the 1st of November. 
The day-labourers, of whom four are kept, keep themselves, but receive 
beer gratis. The pay per day from November to February is Is. ; during 
March, September, and October, Is. l^d.; during April and May, Is. Zd. ; and 
during June, July, and August, Is. ^d. ; but from the 1st of April to the 
1st of November, 2d. per day is retained, and is not paid before the 1st of 
November. The day-labourers, however, often do piece-work ; for instance, 
the turnips are generally taken up, loaded, conveyed, laid down, and covered by 
agreement ; and the conveyance and spreading of the manure are done under 
the same kind of arrangement. 
Dairy Husbandry. — The reader of this Report should now 
be impressed with the importance of this branch of agriculture 
in the kingdom of Denmark. It prevails almost exclusively on 
the eastern side of Jutland, and throughout the islands of P'yen 
and Sealand ; and it is also general on Falster, Laaland, and the 
smaller islands, although feeding farms also occur on the good 
grass-land bordering the shores of those fertile pendants of the 
Danish monarchy. The rotations already given (excluding 
those pursued by Mr. Trohldahl and Lieut. Mansa), and the 
remarks already made on the cultivation of the land, apply 
strictly to the dairy-farming of the kingdom ; permanent pasture 
being by no means essential to the possession of a good herd, or 
to the manufacture of high-class butter. No doubt, the possession 
of a considerable acreage of permanent grass enables its owner 
to grow a relatively larger breadth of corn on his arable land. 
Indeed, if he is to use his grass to the best advantage in the 
summer, he must grow a large acreage of barley and oats to 
enable him to keep his daiiy-stock through the winter, when 
their food consists to a large extent of spring-corn. 
The favourite breed of cattle in the dairy districts is the 
Angeln, and it appeared to me quite worthy of the pride and 
the preference with which it is regarded by Danish dairy-farmers. 
2 A 2 
