,344 Report on the Agriculture of Denmark, with a Note on 
The following description of its characteristic features is taken 
from M. Tisserand's ' Etudes economiques sur le Danemark,' a 
work of great research, characterised by the distinguished author's 
usual ability, although, as will have been noticed, I have not 
been able to endorse all his conclusions : — 
" This race is of small size, and cannot be compared with any breed more 
closely than with the Ayrshire, whose qualities and size it partakes. The 
colour of the Angeln cows is red, sometimes bright and clear, sometimes deep 
and even dark, often being spotted with white;* and the hair is generally 
tipped with a dark colour. The skin is thin and supple; and all the cattle 
have the distinguishing characters of good milkers. 
" Head somewhat delicate, although bony; looked at in profile it has a. 
pyramidal form, and shows a laige brow, nostrils well open, and a some- 
what straight forehead ; lower jaws very divergent, eyes docile and lively, 
horns long, thin, and well placed ; neck long and very slender ; back not 
always perfectly straight; back-bone projecting, and brisket girthing most 
behind the shoulders; hind-quarters roomj', udder large and well placed, and 
the milk-vein generally very much developed ; legs and tail very slender ; 
flanks hollow, and bones projecting. 
" The Angeln cow presents, in fact, all the characters and all the defects of 
a good milking breed ; its body has the form of a pyramid, of which the base 
is formed by the hind-quarters, and the summit by the fore-quarters, which are 
very slight. While in-milk the cow remains very thin ; not only does it convert 
all its food into milk, but it appears also to perform the same operation with 
the fat and muscles of its own body ; but when it runs dry it fattens easily. 
" The Angeln breed may, in fact, be regarded as one of the best milking- 
races in existence. The average weight of a cow is from 7 to 8 cwt., and its 
annual milk produce is very nearly 440 gallons." 
This breed had its origin in the district from which it takes 
its name, and which is situated between the Gulf of Flensburg 
and the Schley. Of late years the demand for these cattle from 
their native district, where they are presumed to exist in the 
pure state, has been so great, that the peasants have been tempted 
to purchase animals of more or less doubtful descent from the 
immediately surrounding districts (to which the breeding of 
Angeln cattle first extended), and to sell them as true Angelns 
of their own breeding. It is thus very difficult to obtain, with 
any certainty, pure-bred Angeln cattle from their original home ; 
and the only way in which it can be accomplished is by personal 
search amongst the peasantry, and careful verification of the 
history of the animals offered for sale. , 
Considering the estimation in which this breed is held, and 
the difficulty experienced by dairy farmers who understand the 
value of an infusion of new blood, which is only to be obtained 
by securing fresh bulls of undoubted purity, it seems somewhat 
remarkable that no Angeln Herd-ljook has yet been established. 
It is true that Mr. Heide has agitated the question for some 
time ; but his suggestions do not seem to have met with much 
* The white spots are now consilercd a defect, and indicative of impure 
lineage. — H. M. J. 
